RESOURCE GUIDE FOR PREPARING THE NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS OF NON-ANNEX I PARTIES MODULE 4: MEASURES TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE

The document outlines the process for non-Annex I Parties to assess and report greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation measures. It defines mitigation as interventions that reduce emission sources or enhance sinks and provides a structured approach to creating baseline and mitigation scenarios. The guide reviews sectoral options across energy, transport, buildings, industry, agriculture, forestry, and waste, while identifying technical, economic, and institutional barriers. It further evaluates bottom-up modeling tools such as LEAP, MARKAL/TIMES, and ENPEP to help countries quantify mitigation potentials and report results using standardized formats like 'jaws' charts.

• Mitigation assessments for non-Annex I Parties involve creating both baseline scenarios—which describe the likely evolution of GHG emissions without new policies—and mitigation scenarios, which project reductions relative to those baselines.
• The energy supply sector is a primary target for mitigation, accounting for nearly 25% of total GHG emissions, with key measures including increasing plant efficiency, switching to lower-carbon fuels, and expanding renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and geothermal.
• Transport emissions are growing faster than in any other sector, with road transport accounting for 74% of the sector's energy use and petroleum supplying 95% of its total energy needs as of 2004.
• Industrial GHG emissions are nearly 20% of the global total, with five energy-intensive industries—iron and steel, chemicals, petroleum refining, pulp and paper, and cement—representing approximately 45% of global industrial energy consumption.
• Mitigation in the land-use sectors includes improving rice cultivation and animal husbandry to reduce methane, reducing artificial fertilizers to lower nitrous oxide, and utilizing reforestation and forest protection to enhance carbon sequestration.
• Barriers to mitigation are context-specific and can be technical, economic, political, cultural, social, behavioral, or institutional; they include missing markets, distorted prices, and inadequate property rights.
• Bottom-up modeling tools are preferred for identifying specific sectoral projects; these include optimization models (e.g., MARKAL, TIMES), simulation models (e.g., ENPEP-BALANCE), and accounting frameworks (e.g., LEAP, RETScreen).
• National communications should report GHG results preferably in tonnes of carbon (tonnes C) or tonnes of CO2 equivalent (t CO2 eq) and use 'jaws' charts to illustrate the cumulative savings from various mitigation measures over time.

APA

Stockholm Environment Institute (n.d.). RESOURCE GUIDE FOR PREPARING THE NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS OF NON-ANNEX I PARTIES MODULE 4: MEASURES TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE. https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/unfcc_mitigation_resource_guide4.pdf

Chicago

Stockholm Environment Institute. RESOURCE GUIDE FOR PREPARING THE NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS OF NON-ANNEX I PARTIES MODULE 4: MEASURES TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE. n.d. https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/unfcc_mitigation_resource_guide4.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Stockholm Environment Institute |title=RESOURCE GUIDE FOR PREPARING THE NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS OF NON-ANNEX I PARTIES MODULE 4: MEASURES TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE |url=https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/unfcc_mitigation_resource_guide4.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{stockholmenvironmentinstitutendresource, author = {{Stockholm Environment Institute}}, title = {{RESOURCE GUIDE FOR PREPARING THE NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS OF NON-ANNEX I PARTIES MODULE 4: MEASURES TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, url = {https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/unfcc_mitigation_resource_guide4.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }