Decarbonizing road passenger transport and reaping health benefits in Indonesia

The document outlines strategies for Indonesia to reduce road transport emissions, which currently account for 95% of transport emissions. Using an 'avoid-shift-improve' framework, the assessment finds that a combination of reducing travel demand, shifting to public and active transport, and improving vehicle efficiency through electrification and biofuels could reduce emissions by up to 84% by 2050. These measures would also significantly lower premature deaths caused by air pollution, particularly from PM2.5 and NOx exposure.

• Indonesia has the potential to reduce road transport emissions by up to 84% by 2050 through a strategic combination of policies, technological advancements, and behavioral shifts.
• The 'ASI+' pathway is the most ambitious strategy, combining measures to avoid travel demand, shift travel modes, and improve vehicle efficiency (including full electrification and a 50% biofuel share for non-electric vehicles) to achieve an 84% emission reduction by 2050.
• Decarbonization strategies can lead to massive public health gains; the 'ASI+' pathway could reduce years of life lost (YLL) by up to 96.7% from PM2.5 exposure and up to 88% from NOx exposure.
• Under a business-as-usual scenario for 2050, Indonesia is projected to lose 14,829 years of life due to air pollution, with Jakarta alone contributing 2,606 of those years.
• Road transport is the primary driver of emissions in Indonesia's transport sector, which overall accounts for 40% of national CO2 emissions and 33% of total energy use, with road transport specifically dominating at 95% of those emissions.
• The assessment recommends a multifaceted approach including the adoption of green electrification, the use of biofuels as a bridging fuel, stricter fuel economy standards, and the expansion of non-motorized transport infrastructure for short trips.

APA

Haq, G., Busch, J., & O'Reilly, K. (2025). Decarbonizing road passenger transport and reaping health benefits in Indonesia. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/decarbonizing-road-transport-in-indonesia.pdf

Chicago

Haq, Gary, Jana Busch, and Kate O'Reilly. Decarbonizing road passenger transport and reaping health benefits in Indonesia. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2025. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/decarbonizing-road-transport-in-indonesia.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Haq |first1=Gary |last2=Busch |first2=Jana |last3=O'Reilly |first3=Kate |title=Decarbonizing road passenger transport and reaping health benefits in Indonesia |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=July 2025 |url=https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/decarbonizing-road-transport-in-indonesia.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{haq2025decarbonizing, author = {Haq, Gary and Busch, Jana and O'Reilly, Kate}, title = {{Decarbonizing road passenger transport and reaping health benefits in Indonesia}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2025}, month = jul, url = {https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/decarbonizing-road-transport-in-indonesia.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }