Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day Tropospheric Ozone Distribution and Trends Relevant to Vegetation

The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR-Vegetation) analyzed ozone metrics across over 3,300 vegetated sites globally, focusing on M12, AOT40, and W126. Findings indicate that the highest ozone values (2010–14) are concentrated in the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, while the lowest are found in parts of Australia, New Zealand, South America, Europe, Canada, and the USA. Between 1995 and 2014, ozone trends showed a significant decrease in North America, no change in Europe, and a significant increase in East Asia. The report recommends expanding ozone monitoring, investigating peri-urban and mountain agriculture, and establishing region-specific damage thresholds.

• The highest tropospheric ozone mean values between 2010 and 2014 were observed in the northern hemisphere's mid-latitudes, specifically in the southern USA, the Mediterranean basin, northern India, north, north-west and east China, the Republic of Korea, and Japan. Conversely, the lowest metric values were reported in Australia, New Zealand, southern South America, and certain northern areas of Europe, Canada, and the USA.
• Regional trends in ozone from 1995 to 2014 varied significantly by geography: North America (NAM) experienced a significant decrease, Europe (EUR) showed no change, and East Asia (EAS) saw a significant increase.
• Regional-scale assessments revealed that AOT40 and W126 values were significantly higher in East Asia than in Europe within wheat growing areas, though this difference was not observed in rice growing areas.

APA

Stockholm Environment Institute (2018). Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day Tropospheric Ozone Distribution and Trends Relevant to Vegetation. https://www.sei.org/publications/tropospheric-ozone-assessment-report-present-day-tropospheric-ozone-distribution-trends-relevant-vegetation/

Chicago

Stockholm Environment Institute. Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day Tropospheric Ozone Distribution and Trends Relevant to Vegetation. 2018. https://www.sei.org/publications/tropospheric-ozone-assessment-report-present-day-tropospheric-ozone-distribution-trends-relevant-vegetation/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Stockholm Environment Institute |title=Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day Tropospheric Ozone Distribution and Trends Relevant to Vegetation |date=28 June 2018 |url=https://www.sei.org/publications/tropospheric-ozone-assessment-report-present-day-tropospheric-ozone-distribution-trends-relevant-vegetation/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{stockholmenvironmentinstitute2018tropospheric, author = {{Stockholm Environment Institute}}, title = {{Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day Tropospheric Ozone Distribution and Trends Relevant to Vegetation}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2018}, month = jun, url = {https://www.sei.org/publications/tropospheric-ozone-assessment-report-present-day-tropospheric-ozone-distribution-trends-relevant-vegetation/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }