psc42jan13e-a7c9a866668dbbcf.pdf

This January 2013 report from the Institute for Security Studies provides an analysis of peace and security issues across Africa, focusing on the M23 rebellion in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the performance of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), the state of North African Regional Economic Communities, and the implementation of the Treaty of Pelindaba regarding nuclear-weapon-free zones.

• The M23 rebellion in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is driven by a combination of manipulated democratic processes, failed security sector reform, ethnic grievances, and the exploitation of natural resources. The rebellion, which emerged from the former CNDP, is described as being successful primarily due to support from Rwanda and, to a lesser extent, Uganda.
• The security situation in the eastern DRC remains volatile following the M23's capture and subsequent partial withdrawal from Goma in November 2012. There are concerns that the M23 could march on Kinshasa to topple President Joseph Kabila if their demands are not met, which would reverse peace-building efforts.
• The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) has achieved military success by evicting Al-Shabaab from major urban centers, including Mogadishu, Baidoa, Marka, and Kismayo. However, it faces structural challenges, including a heavy dependence on external financial resources and a lack of sufficient personnel to stabilize 'liberated areas'.
• AMISOM's effectiveness is hindered by a 'culture of dependence' where the mission fills power gaps left by the weak Somali government, potentially preventing the government from taking full control. Additionally, the mission has been criticized for failing to understand local Somali traditions of security management and for civilian casualties resulting from heavy-handed military responses.
• North Africa lacks an effectively functioning Regional Economic Community (REC) focused on the region's security and economic needs. The Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) has been largely inactive since 1995, while the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD) is considered too geographically dispersed to focus exclusively on North Africa.
• The African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone (ANWFZ) Treaty of Pelindaba, which entered into force on 15 July 2009, prohibits the development, production, testing, or stationing of nuclear weapons in Africa. As of the report, 36 states are party to the treaty.
• The African Commission on Nuclear Energy (AFCONE), established in 2011, serves as the compliance mechanism for the Treaty of Pelindaba. It aims to protect Africa from nuclear testing and the dumping of nuclear materials while promoting the peaceful use of nuclear science.

APA

Institute for Security Studies (n.d.). psc42jan13e-a7c9a866668dbbcf.pdf. https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC42Jan13E.pdf

Chicago

Institute for Security Studies. psc42jan13e-a7c9a866668dbbcf.pdf. n.d. https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC42Jan13E.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Institute for Security Studies |title=psc42jan13e-a7c9a866668dbbcf.pdf |url=https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC42Jan13E.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{instituteforsecuritystudiesndpsc42jan13ea7c9a866668dbbcfpdf, author = {{Institute for Security Studies}}, title = {{psc42jan13e-a7c9a866668dbbcf.pdf}}, institution = {Institute for Security Studies}, url = {https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC42Jan13E.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }