Hybride Fears of A Hybride State

This briefing by Dr. Witold M. Patoka of the National Defence College, Stockholm, provides a statistical and strategic overview of Russia, focusing on its economic indicators, energy production, military capabilities, and geopolitical risks.

• Russia's economic profile is characterized by significant energy production and exports, with oil production at 9.677 million bbl/day and gas production at 656 billion cu m. The state maintains a positive account balance of $68.5 billion, with revenues of $341.7 billion and expenditures of $243.6 billion.
• The Russian military is undergoing a major upgrade valued at $200 billion (or $400 billion PPP), focusing on the Early Warning System and the SS 27 Topol-M. Army expenditure is listed at $40.3 billion, representing 4.3% of GDP, with a force consisting of 1.2 million personnel, 70% of whom are conscripts.
• Russia faces several strategic risks and challenges, including demographic problems, the rise of China—specifically regarding Chinese infrastructure in Kazakhstan and pipelines to Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan—and the potential expansion of the European Union and NATO into Ukraine.

APA

PATOKA, W. M. (n.d.). Hybride Fears of A Hybride State. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/GEORGIASEMPRES.PDF

Chicago

PATOKA, Witold M. Hybride Fears of A Hybride State. Institute for Security Studies, n.d. https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/GEORGIASEMPRES.PDF.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=PATOKA |first1=Witold M. |title=Hybride Fears of A Hybride State |publisher=Institute for Security Studies |url=https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/GEORGIASEMPRES.PDF |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{patokandhybride, author = {PATOKA, Witold M.}, title = {{Hybride Fears of A Hybride State}}, institution = {Institute for Security Studies}, url = {https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/GEORGIASEMPRES.PDF}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }