Learning to Use Force on the Hoof in Peacekeeping

The text discusses the distinction between Chapter VI and Chapter VII of the UN Charter regarding the use of force in peacekeeping. It highlights the role of the Mission d`Organisation des Nations Unies en Republique Democratique du Congo (MONUC) in a volatile environment characterized by state collapse and regional instability, where the military component was required to lead security efforts and protect civilians.

• UN peacekeeping missions operate under different mandates regarding force: Chapter VI restricts force to self-defence, whereas Chapter VII allows for 'all necessary means', including pre-emptive deadly force, to execute tasks according to the Rules of Engagement.
• In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the UN operated in a volatile environment following 32 years of mismanagement and two civil wars, necessitating that the military component lead security, protect civilians under imminent threat, and counter threats from various armed factions.

APA

Cammaert, P. (n.d.). Learning to Use Force on the Hoof in Peacekeeping. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/research/situation-reports/situation-report-learning-to-use-force-on-the-hoof-in-peacekeeping.-reflections-on-the-experience-of-monucs-eastern-division-maj-gen-patrick-cammaert-

Chicago

Cammaert, Patrick. Learning to Use Force on the Hoof in Peacekeeping. Institute for Security Studies, n.d. https://issafrica.org/research/situation-reports/situation-report-learning-to-use-force-on-the-hoof-in-peacekeeping.-reflections-on-the-experience-of-monucs-eastern-division-maj-gen-patrick-cammaert-.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Cammaert |first1=Patrick |title=Learning to Use Force on the Hoof in Peacekeeping |publisher=Institute for Security Studies |url=https://issafrica.org/research/situation-reports/situation-report-learning-to-use-force-on-the-hoof-in-peacekeeping.-reflections-on-the-experience-of-monucs-eastern-division-maj-gen-patrick-cammaert- |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{cammaertndlearning, author = {Cammaert, Patrick}, title = {{Learning to Use Force on the Hoof in Peacekeeping}}, institution = {Institute for Security Studies}, url = {https://issafrica.org/research/situation-reports/situation-report-learning-to-use-force-on-the-hoof-in-peacekeeping.-reflections-on-the-experience-of-monucs-eastern-division-maj-gen-patrick-cammaert-}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }