The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland

Somaliland has maintained relative peace and stability since 1991 through a consensus-driven approach and effective administration, though it faces socio-economic challenges and delayed elections. Despite this, it lacks international recognition and remains in conflict with Puntland over the Sool and Sanaag regions.

• Since 1991, Somaliland has maintained a level of peace, stability, and independent administration while other parts of Somalia experienced chaos, though it currently faces significant socio-economic difficulties.
• The stability of Somaliland, largely based on a consensus-driven model, has been threatened by the delay of multi-party elections until September 2009.
• Somaliland struggles to achieve international recognition due to concerns about the precedent it might set in Africa and is involved in a persistent territorial dispute with Puntland over the Sool and Sanaag regions.

APA

Mesfin, B. (n.d.). The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/research/papers/the-political-development-of-somaliland-and-its-conflict-with-puntland

Chicago

Mesfin, Berouk. The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland. Institute for Security Studies, n.d. https://issafrica.org/research/papers/the-political-development-of-somaliland-and-its-conflict-with-puntland.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Mesfin |first1=Berouk |title=The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland |publisher=Institute for Security Studies |url=https://issafrica.org/research/papers/the-political-development-of-somaliland-and-its-conflict-with-puntland |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{mesfinndpolitical, author = {Mesfin, Berouk}, title = {{The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland}}, institution = {Institute for Security Studies}, url = {https://issafrica.org/research/papers/the-political-development-of-somaliland-and-its-conflict-with-puntland}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }