Иностранные инвестиции и их привлечение для целей устойчивого развития

The document analyzes the drivers of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the potential positive and negative impacts on the host country's economy, environment, and social fabric. It argues that while liberalizing legal frameworks is a common first step, sustainable development requires a comprehensive approach including strong national institutions, environmental regulations, and strategic 'third-generation' policies. The report specifically warns against the risks of international investment treaties, such as the Energy Charter Treaty and NAFTA, which may limit a government's ability to regulate for public health and environmental protection through closed-door arbitration processes.

• Foreign direct investment (FDI) is unevenly distributed globally; in 2000, total FDI reached $1.3 trillion, but developing countries received only $240 billion, with China alone accounting for $64 billion of that amount.
• FDI can have contradictory effects on domestic investment: it may 'crowd out' local firms by competing for capital or market share, or it may 'crowd in' investment by stimulating local suppliers and creating new product markets.
• The impact of FDI on the environment is mixed; while multinational corporations often use cleaner technologies than local firms, they may also seek 'pollution havens' where environmental controls are weak, potentially leading to resource depletion in forestry and fisheries.
• Investment attraction policies have evolved through three generations: first-generation focuses on market liberalization; second-generation involves active marketing and infrastructure investment; and third-generation employs strategic targeting of specific industries or 'clusters' aligned with national priorities.
• International investment agreements, such as the Energy Charter Treaty and NAFTA, can restrict national policy space by allowing investors to challenge public health and environmental regulations through arbitration, often treating such measures as 'expropriation' and demanding millions in compensation.
• The arbitration process for disputes under treaties like the Energy Charter Treaty is criticized for lacking transparency, as proceedings often occur 'behind closed doors' without public notification or the inclusion of evidence regarding human rights and environmental protection.
• To ensure FDI supports sustainable development, governments should implement a strong environmental regime including environmental impact assessments, clear emission rules, and a transparent legal system for liability and contract enforcement.

APA

International Institute for Sustainable Development (2002). Иностранные инвестиции и их привлечение для целей устойчивого развития. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/trade_ee_investment_ru.pdf

Chicago

International Institute for Sustainable Development. Иностранные инвестиции и их привлечение для целей устойчивого развития. 2002. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/trade_ee_investment_ru.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=International Institute for Sustainable Development |title=Иностранные инвестиции и их привлечение для целей устойчивого развития |date=2002 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/trade_ee_investment_ru.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{internationalinstituteforsustainabledevelopment2002, author = {{International Institute for Sustainable Development}}, title = {{Иностранные инвестиции и их привлечение для целей устойчивого развития}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2002}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/trade_ee_investment_ru.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }