Comercio y el Desarrollo

The research examines how sustainable development themes enter Argentina's trade and investment policy. It finds that environmental and food safety standards are heavily influenced by external factors and multilateral agreements, whereas labor standards are primarily driven by domestic actors. The paper also analyzes the impact of 'agriculturization' (specifically soy expansion), large-scale mining, deforestation, overfishing, and the transition toward biofuels within the Argentine economy.

• Environmental and food safety standards in Argentina are primarily driven by external factors, including multilateral agreements and the public and private practices of developed markets, which are critical due to Argentina's productive specialization.
• Labor standards have a more modest external influence in Argentina because the country does not specialize in low-skilled labor-intensive exports; instead, international frameworks often serve as a 'sounding board' for domestic union demands.
• Argentina's climate change agenda is largely driven by external factors but has had limited impact on domestic policy debate due to the economy's relatively low greenhouse gas emission intensity.
• The rapid adoption of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), particularly glyphosate-resistant soy since 1996, has made Argentina the second largest producer of GMOs globally, leading to conflicts over patents and concerns regarding the 'sojization' of the landscape.
• Large-scale mining in Argentina, particularly open-pit mining and gold extraction using cyanide leaching, has faced significant social opposition and local community mobilization in provinces such as Chubut and San Juan.
• Argentina's native forests have suffered severe degradation, with 6.1 million hectares lost in the last twenty years due to agricultural expansion, selective logging, and fires.
• Argentina's energy matrix is heavily dependent on non-renewable sources (90%), and while the government aims to increase renewable energy to 10% by 2010, the actual share remained relatively constant at 7.2% in 2006.
• The biodiesel industry in Argentina has expanded rapidly since 2004, supported by public policies such as the Law of Biofuels and a differential export tax regime that provides an implicit subsidy to biodiesel over soy grain.

APA

Bouzas, R., & Molinari, A. (2009). Comercio y el Desarrollo. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/tkn_trade_argentina_es.pdf

Chicago

Bouzas, Roberto, and Andrea Molinari. Comercio y el Desarrollo. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2009. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/tkn_trade_argentina_es.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Bouzas |first1=Roberto |last2=Molinari |first2=Andrea |title=Comercio y el Desarrollo |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=2009 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/tkn_trade_argentina_es.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{bouzas2009comercio, author = {Bouzas, Roberto and Molinari, Andrea}, title = {{Comercio y el Desarrollo}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2009}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/tkn_trade_argentina_es.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }