El Estado de los Mecanismos de Ajuste en Frontera por Carbono 2025

The report provides a detailed analysis of the implementation of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAMs) in the EU, UK, and Australia. It examines the transition from free allocations to border adjustments in the EU, the UK's planned 2027 launch, and Australia's ongoing carbon leakage review. Additionally, it tracks the evolution of multilateral discussions at the WTO, noting a shift from general concerns about protectionism toward specific technical cooperation and interoperability.

• The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will be fully operational by 2026, with a gradual phase-in of costs and a corresponding phase-out of free allocations under the EU ETS until 2034.
• The EU CBAM primarily targets iron, steel, aluminum, and electricity; in 2022, iron and steel alone accounted for 55% of the imports covered by the mechanism.
• The United Kingdom intends to implement its own CBAM starting January 1, 2027, without a transitional phase, and will include Scope 2 emissions for all covered sectors.
• Australia's independent Carbon Leakage Review suggests that a CBAM could serve as a 'strong backstop' to the Safeguard Mechanism, potentially starting with cement before expanding to steel, glass, and lime.
• Between 2020 and 2024, the WTO saw 519 official communications regarding CBAMs, with a notable shift in 2024 toward increased interest in cooperation and technical interoperability.
• Carbon leakage is a documented reality rather than a theoretical risk; one cited OECD study found that 13% of emission reductions from carbon pricing in one country were offset by increases elsewhere.

APA

Bonnet, A., & Baršauskaitė, I. (2025). El Estado de los Mecanismos de Ajuste en Frontera por Carbono 2025. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2025-05/state-of-bcas-2025-es.pdf

Chicago

Bonnet, Antoine, and Ieva Baršauskaitė. El Estado de los Mecanismos de Ajuste en Frontera por Carbono 2025. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2025. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2025-05/state-of-bcas-2025-es.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Bonnet |first1=Antoine |last2=Baršauskaitė |first2=Ieva |title=El Estado de los Mecanismos de Ajuste en Frontera por Carbono 2025 |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=February 2025 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2025-05/state-of-bcas-2025-es.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{bonnet2025estado, author = {Bonnet, Antoine and Baršauskaitė, Ieva}, title = {{El Estado de los Mecanismos de Ajuste en Frontera por Carbono 2025}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2025}, month = feb, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2025-05/state-of-bcas-2025-es.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }