Soutenir la mise en œuvre du Cadre directif pour l’exploitation minière dans les États membres du Forum intergouvernemental sur l’exploitation minière, les minéraux, les métaux et le développement durable: évaluation de l’état de préparation des pays à la mise en œuvre

The assessment finds that while Madagascar has a strong legal foundation and transparent permitting processes, its overall readiness to implement the IGF framework is low to medium. Key strengths include accessible geological data and a commitment to biodiversity net gain for large mines. However, significant weaknesses persist, including a freeze on mining permits since 2009, severe shortages of government human and financial resources for monitoring, and a largely informal artisanal mining sector. The report recommends developing an integrated national policy for socio-economic benefits, enforcing financial guarantees for mine closure, and improving the formalization of artisanal mining.

• Madagascar's readiness to implement the IGF Mining Policy Framework is rated as 'medium' for the legal and policy environment, financial benefit optimization, and environmental management, but 'low' for socio-economic benefit optimization, post-mining transition, and artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM).
• The process for acquiring mining permits is described as clear, transparent, and efficient, utilizing a strict 'first-come, first-served' principle managed by the Bureau du cadastre minier de Madagascar (BCMM).
• A freeze on the issuance, renewal, and transfer of mining permits has been in place since the 2009 political crisis, creating uncertainty for operators and discouraging new investment.
• The government suffers from a critical lack of human and financial resources to enforce and monitor mining laws, leading to conflicts of interest where the Office National pour l’Environnement (ONE) relies on funding from the large mines it is tasked with inspecting.
• Mining revenues are generated through a mix of income taxes, royalties, and administrative fees, with a 2% royalty on raw mineral exports (1% for value-added products), though these rates are viewed by many as too favorable to the private sector.
• Large-scale mining operations are required to ensure a net positive impact on biodiversity, which includes creating and co-managing biodiversity conservation zones adjacent to mine sites.
• There is a systemic failure to implement the legal requirement for financial guarantees to cover mine closure and rehabilitation costs, often relying instead on 'solemn declarations' of provision by companies.
• The artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector remains predominantly informal, leading to significant losses in public revenue, environmental degradation, and human rights violations, including child labor.
• Madagascar lacks an integrated national policy framework to optimize the socio-economic benefits of mining, resulting in a case-by-case approach via Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (EIE/PGEP) rather than a systematic national strategy.

APA

Crawford, A., & Nikièma, S. (2015). Soutenir la mise en œuvre du Cadre directif pour l’exploitation minière dans les États membres du Forum intergouvernemental sur l’exploitation minière, les minéraux, les métaux et le développement durable: évaluation de l’état de préparation des pays à la mise en œuvre. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/mpf-madagascar-assessment-of-implementation-readiness-fr.pdf

Chicago

Crawford, Alec, and Suzy Nikièma. Soutenir la mise en œuvre du Cadre directif pour l’exploitation minière dans les États membres du Forum intergouvernemental sur l’exploitation minière, les minéraux, les métaux et le développement durable: évaluation de l’état de préparation des pays à la mise en œuvre. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2015. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/mpf-madagascar-assessment-of-implementation-readiness-fr.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Crawford |first1=Alec |last2=Nikièma |first2=Suzy |title=Soutenir la mise en œuvre du Cadre directif pour l’exploitation minière dans les États membres du Forum intergouvernemental sur l’exploitation minière, les minéraux, les métaux et le développement durable: évaluation de l’état de préparation des pays à la mise en œuvre |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=March 2015 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/mpf-madagascar-assessment-of-implementation-readiness-fr.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{crawford2015soutenir, author = {Crawford, Alec and Nikièma, Suzy}, title = {{Soutenir la mise en œuvre du Cadre directif pour l’exploitation minière dans les États membres du Forum intergouvernemental sur l’exploitation minière, les minéraux, les métaux et le développement durable: évaluation de l’état de préparation des pays à la mise en œuvre}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2015}, month = mar, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/mpf-madagascar-assessment-of-implementation-readiness-fr.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }