公司治理、问责制和透明度： 推进绿色金融发展

The document examines how existing financial governance frameworks—specifically regarding banks, credit rating agencies, and institutional investors—fail to allocate capital toward environmental goals. It highlights the conflict between short-term performance metrics, such as those in Modern Portfolio Theory, and long-term sustainability. To counter this, the report presents global best practices, including India's priority sector lending, the UNEP FI's integration of ecological risk into sovereign credit models, and the integrated reporting standards used in South Africa and Denmark. It concludes by recommending that China adopt similar transparency and targeted lending mechanisms to transition toward a sustainable economy.

• Current financial governance and accountability policies for banks and credit rating agencies have failed to address environmental risks, contributing to market failures that hinder green finance. Credit rating agencies have historically suffered from conflicts of interest, such as selling ratings to issuers, and their current methodologies lack the integration of environmental risk factors, which are essential for assessing a country's long-term debt repayment capacity.
• India's 'priority sector lending' serves as a successful policy innovation for the banking sector by requiring banks to allocate a specific percentage of their net bank credit to sectors that may lack timely credit, such as agriculture and small enterprises, ensuring sustainable development is not sacrificed for high-return industries.
• Corporate transparency can be improved through integrated reporting and environmental accounting. Examples include Denmark's mandatory 'green national accounts' since 1995 and South Africa's King III Code, which requires companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange to provide integrated reports combining financial and sustainability performance.
• China is encouraged to adopt these global innovations to manage its high ecological footprint. Specifically, the report suggests China implement clear guidelines for environmental hazard disclosure similar to Denmark's and explore priority sector lending to align financial incentives with sustainable growth.

APA

Silva, M. H. (2014). 公司治理、问责制和透明度： 推进绿色金融发展. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/governance_accountability_ch.pdf

Chicago

Silva, Mariana H. 公司治理、问责制和透明度： 推进绿色金融发展. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2014. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/governance_accountability_ch.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Silva |first1=Mariana H. |title=公司治理、问责制和透明度： 推进绿色金融发展 |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=January 2014 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/governance_accountability_ch.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{silva2014, author = {Silva, Mariana H.}, title = {{公司治理、问责制和透明度： 推进绿色金融发展}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2014}, month = jan, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/governance_accountability_ch.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }