Négociations de la REDD

This report, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) in November 2009, provides a technical and strategic analysis of the negotiations surrounding Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) leading up to the COP 15 summit in Copenhagen. It examines the evolving scope of REDD, financing options, measurement and verification systems, and the institutional frameworks required to implement these mechanisms in developing countries.

• The scope of REDD has expanded from simple deforestation (RED) to include forest degradation (REDD), and further to REDD+, which incorporates the role of conservation, sustainable forest management (SFM), and the enhancement of forest carbon stocks. There are also proposals for 'REDD++', which would include all land cover changes affecting carbon storage, such as peatlands, mineral soils, and agroforestry, regardless of whether they meet the functional definition of a 'forest'.
• Countries' positions on REDD integration are often influenced by their specific agro-ecological status and their position on the forest cover transition curve. For example, countries like Vietnam and China are categorized as having growing forest cover, while Brazil and Indonesia are seen as tropical forest countries with high deforestation rates.
• The functional definition of a 'forest' remains a point of contention. The UNFCCC definition allows countries to choose their own minimum cover (10 to 30 percent) and tree height (2 to 5 meters). This flexibility can lead to counter-intuitive results, such as the replacement of a natural forest with oil palm not being considered deforestation if it remains under the institutional control of forestry authorities.
• There is a proposed three-stage progressive approach for REDD implementation: first, developing national action plans and capacity building; second, implementing these plans through technology transfer and policy measures; and third, taking results-based actions that are measurable, reportable, and verifiable (MRV).
• Financing is a central conflict in negotiations, with a divide between developing countries, who prefer a governance regime under the Conference of the Parties (COP) and new UNFCCC institutions, and industrialized countries, who favor using existing bilateral, regional, and multilateral institutions like the World Bank or the Global Environment Facility (GEF).
• Financing needs for REDD are split into two categories: initial fixed costs for capacity building, policy reform, and MRV system establishment, and ongoing variable costs for project execution, including monitoring, law enforcement, and opportunity costs for landowners.
• The Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) system faces challenges regarding the establishment of reference levels. There is debate over whether to use historical emission levels or futuristic reference levels, with the Congo Basin countries advocating for the latter due to their historically low deforestation rates.
• There is a strategic divide over whether REDD should be integrated into Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). Some argue this would allow direct funding from industrialized to developing countries, while others fear it would compromise the specific needs of REDD or its ability to generate market-based offset credits.
• Economic analysis of REDD involves three primary cost types: opportunity costs (lost profits from alternative land use), transaction costs (MRV and certification expenses), and implementation costs (planning and project execution).

APA

Minang, P. A., Jungcurt, S., Meadu, V., & Murphy, D. (2009). Négociations de la REDD. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/redd_negotiations_fr.pdf

Chicago

Minang, Peter Akong, Stefan Jungcurt, Vanessa Meadu, and Deborah Murphy. Négociations de la REDD. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2009. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/redd_negotiations_fr.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Minang |first1=Peter Akong |last2=Jungcurt |first2=Stefan |last3=Meadu |first3=Vanessa |last4=Murphy |first4=Deborah |title=Négociations de la REDD |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=November 2009 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/redd_negotiations_fr.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{minang2009ngociations, author = {Minang, Peter Akong and Jungcurt, Stefan and Meadu, Vanessa and Murphy, Deborah}, title = {{Négociations de la REDD}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2009}, month = nov, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/redd_negotiations_fr.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }