TANZANIA: HORIZONTAL LINKAGES THE CHALLENGES OF MULTISTAKEHOLDER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

This case study examines Tanzania's difficulties in establishing horizontal linkages within its mining sector, focusing on the failures of its National System of Innovation (NSI) and the complexities of the Central Development Corridor (CDC) infrastructure project.

• Tanzania's efforts to create a National System of Innovation (NSI) to generate development spillovers from mining have largely failed. By 2011, no centres of excellence had been established, and there was only "minor and inadequate" interaction between universities and the mining sector.
• Technical skills shortages in Tanzania hinder the development of horizontal linkages. Rather than skills migrating from mining to other sectors, the mining industry's higher wages tend to draw skills away from other sectors, which harms their competitiveness in the short term.
• The Central Development Corridor (CDC) is a multilateral logistics system connecting the port of Dar es Salaam with the Great Lakes hinterland, extending into Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Uganda.
• The CDC has faced significant coordination and implementation challenges. A 2007 railway concession to Tanzania Railways Limited (TRL) failed and was terminated within three years, contributing to the loss of business to competing routes.
• External economic factors and infrastructure failures have derailed major mining investments. The Kabanga nickel project by Xstrata was stopped due to a combination of railway dysfunction and a sharp drop in nickel prices from USD 54,000 per ton in mid-2007 to under USD 9,000 in early 2009.
• Recent improvements in the CDC include the 2013 launch of the Central Corridor Transport Observatory Project and a 2015 Spatial Development Initiative (SDI) with Rwanda. These efforts, along with port modernization, reduced cargo dwell time at Dar es Salaam from 22 days in 2008 to less than 7 days in 2016.
• The case study concludes that the Tanzanian government may need to invest proactively in infrastructure and retain control of it to ensure multipurpose access, rather than relying on mining investors to build shared facilities.

APA

Dolo, S., Togo, G., & Odendaal, M. (2018). TANZANIA: HORIZONTAL LINKAGES THE CHALLENGES OF MULTISTAKEHOLDER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/case-study-tanzania-horizontal-linkages.pdf

Chicago

Dolo, Somine, Guire Togo, and Martin Odendaal. TANZANIA: HORIZONTAL LINKAGES THE CHALLENGES OF MULTISTAKEHOLDER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2018. https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/case-study-tanzania-horizontal-linkages.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Dolo |first1=Somine |last2=Togo |first2=Guire |last3=Odendaal |first3=Martin |title=TANZANIA: HORIZONTAL LINKAGES THE CHALLENGES OF MULTISTAKEHOLDER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=2018 |url=https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/case-study-tanzania-horizontal-linkages.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{dolo2018tanzania, author = {Dolo, Somine and Togo, Guire and Odendaal, Martin}, title = {{TANZANIA: HORIZONTAL LINKAGES THE CHALLENGES OF MULTISTAKEHOLDER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2018}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/case-study-tanzania-horizontal-linkages.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }