Produced Capital in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago

This policy brief examines trends in produced capital—the value of human-made assets used in production, including intangible assets—in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago from 1995 to 2020. It highlights that these nations face low levels of produced capital compared to developed countries, uneven investment allocation, and significant data gaps that hinder policy-making.

• Produced capital levels in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago have grown steadily since 1995, but they remain low relative to developed nations and are concentrated in a small number of sectors.
• To meet their goals for food security and climate, these three countries need further investments in agriculture and renewable energy.
• Policy-makers in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago lack visibility regarding these capital challenges because national statistical offices do not regularly measure wealth or produced capital.

APA

Smith,, L. B. (2024). Produced Capital in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/produced-capital-trends-policy-implications

Chicago

Smith,, Livia Bizikova,Robert. Produced Capital in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2024. https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/produced-capital-trends-policy-implications.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Smith, |first1=Livia Bizikova,Robert |title=Produced Capital in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=23 May 2024 |url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/produced-capital-trends-policy-implications |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{smith2024produced, author = {Smith,, Livia Bizikova,Robert}, title = {{Produced Capital in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Trinidad and Tobago}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2024}, month = may, url = {https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/produced-capital-trends-policy-implications}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }