La gouvernance mondiale des changements climatiques : En quête d’efficacité et d’universalité

This report traces 50 years of UN sustainable development and climate policy, detailing the transition from the 1992 UNFCCC and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 2015 Paris Agreement. It examines the shift from rigid distinctions between industrialized and developing nations toward a more dynamic model of 'common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities' (CBDR-RC). While the Paris Agreement achieved universal participation through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the document notes that current collective promises remain insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C, potentially leading to a temperature rise exceeding 3°C if not significantly increased.

• Global average temperatures have risen 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels, with the 2010s being the warmest decade on record. Over the last 20 years, extreme climate events have caused approximately 3,500 billion dollars in material losses and nearly half a million deaths.
• The 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" (CBDR), acknowledging that while all states must fight climate change, they are not equally responsible. It required Annex 1 parties (40 industrialized countries and economies in transition) to reduce emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000.

APA

(PhD),, M. L. (n.d.). La gouvernance mondiale des changements climatiques : En quête d’efficacité et d’universalité. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/la-gouvernance-mondiale-des-changements-climatiques-en-quete-defficacite-et-duniversalite

Chicago

(PhD),, Mari Luomi. La gouvernance mondiale des changements climatiques : En quête d’efficacité et d’universalité. International Institute for Sustainable Development, n.d. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/la-gouvernance-mondiale-des-changements-climatiques-en-quete-defficacite-et-duniversalite.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=(PhD), |first1=Mari Luomi |title=La gouvernance mondiale des changements climatiques : En quête d’efficacité et d’universalité |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/la-gouvernance-mondiale-des-changements-climatiques-en-quete-defficacite-et-duniversalite |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{phdndgouvernance, author = {(PhD),, Mari Luomi}, title = {{La gouvernance mondiale des changements climatiques : En quête d’efficacité et d’universalité}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/la-gouvernance-mondiale-des-changements-climatiques-en-quete-defficacite-et-duniversalite}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }