La gouvernance mondiale des changements climatiques : En quête d’efficacité et d’universalité

The report traces the history of international climate policy, highlighting the shift from the 'top-down' prescriptive approach of the Kyoto Protocol to the 'bottom-up' voluntary system of the Paris Agreement. It examines the central role of the 'common but differentiated responsibilities' (CBDR) principle and the challenges of ensuring the participation of major emitters while maintaining equity for developing nations. The text concludes that while the regime has grown in complexity and universality, current collective emission reduction promises remain insufficient to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C.

• Current collective national promises to reduce emissions are insufficient to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement; if implemented, they would still result in a temperature increase of more than 3°C.
• The 1992 UNFCCC established the 'common but differentiated responsibilities' (CBDR) principle, which posits that all states must fight climate change but are not equally responsible for the effort.
• The Kyoto Protocol utilized a 'top-down' prescriptive model with absolute emission ceilings for developed countries, but it lacked strength due to the absence of the United States.
• The 2009 Copenhagen Accord, though often viewed as a failure, introduced key legacies including the goal of 100 billion USD annually for climate finance for developing countries and the 'bottom-up' approach to commitments.
• The 2015 Paris Agreement shifted to a universal system of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and updated the CBDR principle to 'common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities' (CBDR-RC), acknowledging that responsibilities evolve as national circumstances change.
• The success of the global climate regime depends on the actions of the largest emitters; the net-zero targets of the US, China, EU, Japan, and South Korea represent half of global GHG emissions and could make the 1.5°C goal attainable.

APA

(PhD),, M. L. (n.d.). La gouvernance mondiale des changements climatiques : En quête d’efficacité et d’universalité. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/la-gouvernance-mondiale-des-changements-climatiques-en-quete-defficacite-et-duniversalite

Chicago

(PhD),, Mari Luomi. La gouvernance mondiale des changements climatiques : En quête d’efficacité et d’universalité. International Institute for Sustainable Development, n.d. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/la-gouvernance-mondiale-des-changements-climatiques-en-quete-defficacite-et-duniversalite.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=(PhD), |first1=Mari Luomi |title=La gouvernance mondiale des changements climatiques : En quête d’efficacité et d’universalité |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/la-gouvernance-mondiale-des-changements-climatiques-en-quete-defficacite-et-duniversalite |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{phdndgouvernance, author = {(PhD),, Mari Luomi}, title = {{La gouvernance mondiale des changements climatiques : En quête d’efficacité et d’universalité}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/la-gouvernance-mondiale-des-changements-climatiques-en-quete-defficacite-et-duniversalite}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }