Les subventions agricoles en Inde un équilibre essentiel

The paper analyzes India's agricultural subsidy regime, focusing on the Minimum Support Price (MSP) and input subsidies for fertilizers, electricity, and irrigation. It highlights their role in ensuring food security and supporting small farmers while acknowledging criticisms regarding inefficiency, market distortion, and environmental degradation. The author argues that while rationalization is needed, abrupt removal of these subsidies—which represent 21% of agricultural income—could exacerbate rural poverty.

• India utilizes a Minimum Support Price (MSP) system for 25 crops, including rice, wheat, and cotton, to maintain buffer stocks and support the Public Distribution System, which provides subsidized food to 75% of rural and 50% of urban residents.
• The MSP policy has been most effective for rice and wheat producers, contributing to self-sufficiency in these crops, though it has failed to stimulate growth for oilseeds and pulses due to low procurement levels.
• Input subsidies for fertilizers, irrigation, and electricity rose from 25 billion USD in 2011 to 48 billion USD in 2022-2023, with fertilizers and electricity accounting for 45.6% and 30% of these subsidies respectively.
• Critics argue that Indian agricultural subsidies lead to inefficient implementation, bias toward large farmers, and environmental issues such as the increase of rice and wheat monocultures and negative impacts on biodiversity.
• India's agricultural subsidies under WTO Article 6 represented 8.11% of its agricultural production in 2018, a figure comparable to those of Japan (9.7%), Switzerland (12.85%), and the United States (7.05%).
• The removal of agricultural subsidies is deemed a significant economic and political challenge because they constitute 21% of agricultural income and are vital for small and marginal farms to avoid rural poverty.
• Direct income transfers are proposed as a sustainable alternative to price supports and input subsidies, but their implementation is hindered by weak banking infrastructure, corruption, and difficulties in identifying beneficiaries like tenant farmers and women.

APA

Sengupta, R. (2024). Les subventions agricoles en Inde un équilibre essentiel. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/agricultural-subsidies-india

Chicago

Sengupta, Ranja. Les subventions agricoles en Inde un équilibre essentiel. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2024. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/agricultural-subsidies-india.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Sengupta |first1=Ranja |title=Les subventions agricoles en Inde un équilibre essentiel |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=December 2024 |url=https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/agricultural-subsidies-india |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{sengupta2024les, author = {Sengupta, Ranja}, title = {{Les subventions agricoles en Inde un équilibre essentiel}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2024}, month = dec, url = {https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/agricultural-subsidies-india}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }