Les subventions agricoles en Inde un équilibre essentiel

This research paper by Ranja Sengupta analyzes the role and impact of agricultural subsidies in India, specifically focusing on price support and input subsidies. It argues that while these mechanisms face criticism for inefficiency and environmental impact, they remain essential for rural livelihoods, food security, and protecting small farmers against global market volatility and the effects of developed nations' agricultural subsidies.

• India utilizes a Minimum Support Price (MSP) system for 25 crops, including rice, wheat, and cotton, to maintain buffer stocks and support the Public Distribution System (PDS). The PDS provides minimum subsidized food quantities to 50% of urban residents and 75% of rural residents.
• The MSP policy has been most effective for rice and wheat, contributing to self-sufficiency in these grains, but has failed to stimulate growth for pulses and oilseeds. In the 2021/22 marketing seasons, approximately 37% of rice and 17% of wheat production were purchased at the MSP.
• Input subsidies for fertilizers, irrigation, and electricity have seen significant growth, rising from 25 billion USD in 2011 to 48 billion USD in 2022-2023. Fertilizers and electricity are the largest components, accounting for 45.6% and 30% of all input subsidies, respectively.
• Critics argue that Indian agricultural subsidies lead to inefficient implementation, bias toward large farmers, and environmental degradation through monocultures of rice and wheat. Some reports suggest that between 2000 and 2016, the prices farmers received were generally lower than international prices, effectively taxing farmers rather than supporting them.
• India's agricultural subsidies are defended as comparable to those of developed nations when measured as a percentage of agricultural production. In 2018, subsidies under Article 6 represented 8.11% of Indian agricultural production, compared to 7.05% in the United States, 9.7% in Japan, and 12.85% in Switzerland.
• The removal of subsidies is considered a major economic and political challenge because they represent 21% of agricultural income in India and are vital for small and marginal farms. Additionally, free trade agreements (FTAs) and subsidies from developed nations, such as US cotton subsidies, have increased the vulnerability of Indian farmers.

APA

Sengupta, R. (2024). Les subventions agricoles en Inde un équilibre essentiel. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/agricultural-subsidies-india

Chicago

Sengupta, Ranja. Les subventions agricoles en Inde un équilibre essentiel. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2024. https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/agricultural-subsidies-india.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Sengupta |first1=Ranja |title=Les subventions agricoles en Inde un équilibre essentiel |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=December 2024 |url=https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/agricultural-subsidies-india |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{sengupta2024les, author = {Sengupta, Ranja}, title = {{Les subventions agricoles en Inde un équilibre essentiel}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2024}, month = dec, url = {https://www.iisd.org/fr/articles/policy-analysis/agricultural-subsidies-india}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }