Building a Climate-Resilient City: Economics and finance

The document outlines how economic and financial strategies, such as multiple-bottom-line accounting and ecosystem service valuation, can help cities manage the financial implications of climate change and improve investor confidence.

• Climate change impacts, including health effects, productivity losses, and infrastructure damage, result in significant financial consequences for municipalities. Conversely, investing in climate resilience can lower liability costs, reduce risk exposure, and enhance credit ratings and investor confidence.
• Cities can utilize specific financial tools to better manage adaptation: multiple-bottom-line accounting helps integrate climate risk awareness and cost-effective adaptation benefits, while monetizing ecosystem services helps prioritize natural and green infrastructure solutions.

APA

McCullough,, S. (2017). Building a Climate-Resilient City: Economics and finance. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/building-climate-resilient-city-economics-and-finance

Chicago

McCullough,, Steve. Building a Climate-Resilient City: Economics and finance. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2017. https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/building-climate-resilient-city-economics-and-finance.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=McCullough, |first1=Steve |title=Building a Climate-Resilient City: Economics and finance |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=24 April 2017 |url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/building-climate-resilient-city-economics-and-finance |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{mccullough2017building, author = {McCullough,, Steve}, title = {{Building a Climate-Resilient City: Economics and finance}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2017}, month = apr, url = {https://www.iisd.org/publications/brief/building-climate-resilient-city-economics-and-finance}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }