Observações Ambientais Atmosféricas e de Propriedades da Superfície

The text emphasizes that Brazil's vast size and climatic diversity require detailed observational studies to distinguish between natural variability and long-term climate change. It highlights that interannual variability, driven largely by El Niño and La Niña, can alter seasonal rainfall in the Amazon by a factor of more than four. The author cautions that most precipitation trends in Brazil are linked to interdecadal oscillations—such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO)—rather than global warming. Additionally, the document notes a trend of increasing air temperatures in the tropics of South America since 1948, contrasting with a negative trend in the subtropics since the mid-1990s, and mentions the influence of land-use change and biomass burning on air temperature in the Amazon and Cerrado.

• Most detected precipitation trends in Brazil are attributed to phase changes in interdecadal oscillations—including the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (OMA) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (OIP/IPO)—making them unsuitable as evidence for climate change.
• Since 1948, atmospheric temperatures during the Southern summer have increased more sharply in the tropics than in the subtropics of South America; specifically, surface temperatures in the tropics show a positive annual average trend, while the subtropics have shown a negative trend since the mid-1990s.
• Data scarcity in the Amazon, the Center-West, and eastern Brazil limits accurate conclusions, although land-use change and biomass burning are known to influence air temperatures in the Amazon and Cerrado.

APA

Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (2025). Observações Ambientais Atmosféricas e de Propriedades da Superfície. https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/observacoes-ambientais-atmosfericas-e-de-propriedades-da-superficie-capitulo-2/

Chicago

Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research. Observações Ambientais Atmosféricas e de Propriedades da Superfície. 2025. https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/observacoes-ambientais-atmosfericas-e-de-propriedades-da-superficie-capitulo-2/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research |title=Observações Ambientais Atmosféricas e de Propriedades da Superfície |date=16 January 2025 |url=https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/observacoes-ambientais-atmosfericas-e-de-propriedades-da-superficie-capitulo-2/ |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{interamericaninstituteforglobalchangeresearch2025observaes, author = {{Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research}}, title = {{Observações Ambientais Atmosféricas e de Propriedades da Superfície}}, institution = {Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research}, year = {2025}, month = jan, url = {https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/observacoes-ambientais-atmosfericas-e-de-propriedades-da-superficie-capitulo-2/}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }