PENEBUSAN DAN KREDIT KEPELBAGAIAN BIOLOGI (BIODIVERSITY OFFSETS AND CREDITS): SOALAN-SOALAN LAZIM

The document critiques biodiversity offsets and credits as 'false solutions' that facilitate greenwashing and human rights violations while failing to restore ecosystems. It argues that these mechanisms allow companies to avoid responsibility for environmental destruction and suggests that funding for biodiversity should instead come from redirecting harmful subsidies and providing direct grants to indigenous-led initiatives.

• Biodiversity offsets are designed to compensate for unavoidable species loss and habitat destruction through conservation or restoration actions in another area, but the document asserts that ecosystems, especially primary forests, cannot be truly restored to their original state.
• Biodiversity credits are financial certificates representing saved or restored species and habitats, which can be sold to entities for offsetting destruction or to improve corporate reputations.
• The market for biodiversity credits primarily benefits private companies that cause environmental damage, allowing them to make false claims about addressing destruction and avoid stricter environmental regulations.
• These mechanisms pose significant risks to indigenous peoples and local communities, including land grabbing, forced displacement, loss of food sovereignty, and the violation of human rights.
• The document identifies several technical and systemic flaws in biodiversity credits, such as the lack of universally accepted metrics, the impossibility of guaranteeing permanent equivalence, and the risk of 'double counting'.
• As an alternative to market mechanisms, the document proposes redirecting a portion of the USD 1.7 trillion in harmful subsidies identified by the UN, and providing direct grants and performance-based payments to indigenous-led governance systems.
• The trend of commodifying nature has expanded beyond carbon and biodiversity to include water pollution permits (launched in the UK in 2023) and plastic credits.

APA

Hache, F., Ching, L. L., Lin, L. L., Fernández, M. I., Marien, N., Kill, J., Dellasta, H., Martínez, V. F., Cabello, J., Witchger, J., Picken, T., Prado, A. A., van der Mark, M., Lingam, T., Gilbertson, T., Gualinga, E. S., & Counsell, S. (2025). PENEBUSAN DAN KREDIT KEPELBAGAIAN BIOLOGI (BIODIVERSITY OFFSETS AND CREDITS): SOALAN-SOALAN LAZIM. Friends of the Earth International. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/25-FoEI-Biodiversity-offsets-FAQ-BM-hr-online-use.pdf

Chicago

Hache, Frédéric, Lim Li Ching, Lim Li Lin, Mirna Ines Fernández, Nele Marien, Jutta Kill, Heitor Dellasta, et al. PENEBUSAN DAN KREDIT KEPELBAGAIAN BIOLOGI (BIODIVERSITY OFFSETS AND CREDITS): SOALAN-SOALAN LAZIM. Friends of the Earth International, 2025. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/25-FoEI-Biodiversity-offsets-FAQ-BM-hr-online-use.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Hache |first1=Frédéric |last2=Ching |first2=Lim Li |last3=Lin |first3=Lim Li |last4=Fernández |first4=Mirna Ines |last5=Marien |first5=Nele |last6=Kill |first6=Jutta |last7=Dellasta |first7=Heitor |last8=Martínez |first8=Valentina Figuera |last9=Cabello |first9=Joanna |display-authors=etal |title=PENEBUSAN DAN KREDIT KEPELBAGAIAN BIOLOGI (BIODIVERSITY OFFSETS AND CREDITS): SOALAN-SOALAN LAZIM |publisher=Friends of the Earth International |date=2025 |url=https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/25-FoEI-Biodiversity-offsets-FAQ-BM-hr-online-use.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{hache2025penebusan, author = {Hache, Frédéric and Ching, Lim Li and Lin, Lim Li and Fernández, Mirna Ines and Marien, Nele and Kill, Jutta and Dellasta, Heitor and Martínez, Valentina Figuera and Cabello, Joanna and Witchger, Joshua and Picken, Tom and Prado, Amelia Arreguin and van der Mark, Merel and Lingam, Theiva and Gilbertson, Tamra and Gualinga, Emil Sirén and Counsell, Simon}, title = {{PENEBUSAN DAN KREDIT KEPELBAGAIAN BIOLOGI (BIODIVERSITY OFFSETS AND CREDITS): SOALAN-SOALAN LAZIM}}, institution = {Friends of the Earth International}, year = {2025}, url = {https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/25-FoEI-Biodiversity-offsets-FAQ-BM-hr-online-use.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }