descifrando los códigos de la omc: para entender la terminología de las negociaciones comerciales

The guide provides alphabetical definitions of key WTO terms, including the agreements resulting from the Uruguay Round, the functions of WTO governing bodies, and specific legal clauses related to trade, environment, and intellectual property.

• The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on January 1, 1995, consists of 146 member countries and functions to ensure the application of Uruguay Round agreements to promote trade liberalization and free trade.
• The Uruguay Round produced a comprehensive package of agreements, with the Agreement on the WTO as the primary framework. Key annexes include the GATT 1994, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).
• The WTO provides specific legal exceptions for environmental and health protections under GATT Article XX and GATS Article XIV, though these are subject to a 'necessity test' requiring the measure to be the least trade-restrictive option available to achieve the policy goal.
• Agricultural subsidies are categorized into three 'boxes': the Amber Box (price/production support to be reduced), the Blue Box (direct payments linked to production limits), and the Green Box (government-funded services like pest control or environmental protection that are permitted without reduction commitments).
• The 'Singapore Issues' identify four areas of potential new WTO agreements: trade and investment, trade and competition policy, trade facilitation, and transparency in government procurement, primarily aimed at increasing market access for foreign companies.
• The Doha Ministerial Declaration established the 'Doha Development Agenda,' which includes mandates for negotiations on trade and the environment, special and differential treatment for developing countries, and the relationship between trade, debt, and finance.

APA

Friends of the Earth International (n.d.). descifrando los códigos de la omc: para entender la terminología de las negociaciones comerciales. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/wtoglossaryspanish_lowresol.pdf

Chicago

Friends of the Earth International. descifrando los códigos de la omc: para entender la terminología de las negociaciones comerciales. n.d. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/wtoglossaryspanish_lowresol.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Friends of the Earth International |title=descifrando los códigos de la omc: para entender la terminología de las negociaciones comerciales |url=https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/wtoglossaryspanish_lowresol.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{friendsoftheearthinternationalnddescifrando, author = {{Friends of the Earth International}}, title = {{descifrando los códigos de la omc: para entender la terminología de las negociaciones comerciales}}, institution = {Friends of the Earth International}, url = {https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/wtoglossaryspanish_lowresol.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }