Faktor geografis: Bagaimana kondisi lingkungan memengaruhi pemantauan metana dari luar angkasa

The report analyzes the impact of environmental conditions on satellite methane detection, finding that approximately 30% of global upstream coal, oil, and gas infrastructure is located in regions where monitoring is difficult. It identifies key challenges such as persistent cloud cover in the tropics, low solar elevation in high latitudes, and rugged terrain in mountainous regions. The authors argue for a 'tiered observation system' that combines satellite data with local measurements (drones, aircraft, ground stations) to overcome these geographic limitations and support the Global Methane Pledge's goal of reducing emissions by 30% by 2030.

• Environmental factors significantly limit satellite methane detection, with approximately 30% of global upstream coal, oil, and gas infrastructure situated in areas classified as 'moderate' or 'difficult' to observe due to cloud cover, low light, dark surfaces, and mountainous terrain.
• Cloud cover is the most significant barrier to space-based methane detection because satellites cannot see through clouds; this is particularly problematic in tropical regions where persistent cloud cover can hinder monitoring throughout the year.
• Rough terrain in mountainous regions creates local shadows and complex light reflection paths, making the interpretation of satellite signals difficult and creating a year-round barrier to reliable monitoring.
• High-latitude regions face significant data gaps during winter because the low solar elevation reduces the light available for sensors, increasing the detection threshold.
• Surface characteristics and wind speed further complicate detection: dark surfaces like forests or snow-covered areas reflect less infrared light, while high wind speeds can disperse methane plumes, making them harder to distinguish from background concentrations.
• Analysis of the top 10 coal producers reveals that Indonesia is particularly challenged, with 84% of its coal production located in areas difficult to monitor due to persistent clouds and rugged terrain.
• For oil and gas, 29% of global onshore production is in challenging areas, with significant concentrations in Russia (62% of production), Canada (46%), and the United States (22%).
• To achieve comprehensive monitoring, the report recommends a 'tiered observation system' that integrates satellites with near-surface technologies such as aircraft, drones, and ground-based sensors to fill spatial and temporal gaps.

APA

Shannon, S., & Binietoglou, I. (2025). Faktor geografis: Bagaimana kondisi lingkungan memengaruhi pemantauan metana dari luar angkasa. Ember. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2025/03/ID-The-geography-factor.pdf

Chicago

Shannon, Sarah, and Ioannis Binietoglou. Faktor geografis: Bagaimana kondisi lingkungan memengaruhi pemantauan metana dari luar angkasa. Ember, 2025. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2025/03/ID-The-geography-factor.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Shannon |first1=Sarah |last2=Binietoglou |first2=Ioannis |title=Faktor geografis: Bagaimana kondisi lingkungan memengaruhi pemantauan metana dari luar angkasa |publisher=Ember |date=18 March 2025 |url=https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2025/03/ID-The-geography-factor.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{shannon2025faktor, author = {Shannon, Sarah and Binietoglou, Ioannis}, title = {{Faktor geografis: Bagaimana kondisi lingkungan memengaruhi pemantauan metana dari luar angkasa}}, institution = {Ember}, year = {2025}, month = mar, url = {https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2025/03/ID-The-geography-factor.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }