Ekspansi energi bersih Indonesia dapat mendorong pertumbuhan dan kesetaraan

This report by Ember analyzes Indonesia's energy transition, focusing on the RUPTL 2021-2030 and the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP). It argues that increasing renewable energy ambition, particularly in coal-producing regions, can drive economic growth, create high-skilled jobs, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels while ensuring a just transition for affected communities.

• Indonesia's electricity generation from fossil fuels, primarily coal, increased by 50% over the last decade, rising from 190 TWh in 2013 to 285 TWh in 2023. This growth contributed to a sharp increase in power sector emissions, totaling 86 million tonnes of CO2 (MtCO2) between 2013 and 2023.
• There is a significant risk of stranded assets due to coal overcapacity. If the capacity factor of coal plants is increased from 49% in 2023 to 64% by 2030, electricity production would exceed demand by 42 TWh by 2030, based on an optimistic demand growth of 4.7% per year.
• The Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) targets a renewable energy share of 44% by 2030 and 66% by 2035. To meet these goals, Indonesia would need to add 8.9 GW of solar and 2.9 GW of wind capacity annually beyond the targets set in the RUPTL.
• Coal-producing provinces—East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and South Sumatra—face high economic risks from the energy transition, as coal contributes over 44% of East Kalimantan's and 30% of South Kalimantan's regional GDP (PDRB). In East Kalimantan alone, approximately 17,000 mining jobs could be lost by 2050.
• Transitioning coal-producing regions to renewable energy offers significant economic and environmental benefits. Replacing 2,328 MW of planned coal capacity with 5.8 GW of solar power in East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and South Sumatra could attract over 9.4 billion USD in investment and create 96,000 high-skilled jobs.
• Coal mining emissions, specifically coal mine methane (CMM), are often overlooked in subnational greenhouse gas inventories. In 2022, CMM emissions from the three main coal provinces were estimated at 516 kilotonnes of CH4, equivalent to approximately 15.4 million tonnes of CO2e.
• Indonesia's national energy targets are shifting; the National Energy Policy (KEN) target for renewables in the energy mix for 2025 is expected to be reduced from 23% to between 17-19% in the upcoming revision.

APA

Setyawati, D., & Setiawan, D. (2024). Ekspansi energi bersih Indonesia dapat mendorong pertumbuhan dan kesetaraan. Ember. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/08/ID-Laporan-Ekspansi-energi-bersih-Indonesia-dapat-mendorong-pertumbuhan.pdf

Chicago

Setyawati, Dinita, and Dody Setiawan. Ekspansi energi bersih Indonesia dapat mendorong pertumbuhan dan kesetaraan. Ember, 2024. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/08/ID-Laporan-Ekspansi-energi-bersih-Indonesia-dapat-mendorong-pertumbuhan.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Setyawati |first1=Dinita |last2=Setiawan |first2=Dody |title=Ekspansi energi bersih Indonesia dapat mendorong pertumbuhan dan kesetaraan |publisher=Ember |date=14 August 2024 |url=https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/08/ID-Laporan-Ekspansi-energi-bersih-Indonesia-dapat-mendorong-pertumbuhan.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{setyawati2024ekspansi, author = {Setyawati, Dinita and Setiawan, Dody}, title = {{Ekspansi energi bersih Indonesia dapat mendorong pertumbuhan dan kesetaraan}}, institution = {Ember}, year = {2024}, month = aug, url = {https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/08/ID-Laporan-Ekspansi-energi-bersih-Indonesia-dapat-mendorong-pertumbuhan.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }