European Electricity Review 2022: Methodology

The European Electricity Review 2022 methodology outlines how Ember aggregates electricity data for 32 countries. It uses Eurostat for historical data up to 2019 and primarily the ENTSO-E transparency platform for more recent monthly generation data, with specific national sources used to correct known inaccuracies in countries like Italy, Finland, and the Netherlands. Generation capacity is sourced from IRENA for renewables and nuclear, and Global Energy Monitor for coal and gas. Carbon intensity for the EU power sector is calculated using European Environment Agency and Eurostat data for 2000-2019, with 2020 and 2021 estimates based on standard emissions factors for hard coal, lignite, fossil gas, and other fossil fuels.

• The report tracks electricity generation data by fuel for 32 countries from 2000 to 2021, covering all EU-27 members except Malta, which lacks acceptable monthly data and thus has 2019 data carried forward.
• Ember uses a hybrid data approach: Eurostat provides quality-assured gross generation and net import data up to 2019, while monthly net generation data from ENTSO-E is used to estimate 2020 and 2021 figures.
• Specific national sources are employed to address data gaps or inaccuracies in ENTSO-E, such as using Terna for Italy's bioenergy and solar data, the CBS API for the Netherlands to avoid double counting, and ESPENI for the United Kingdom following Brexit.
• Generation capacity is derived from two primary sources: IRENA for renewables and nuclear, and Global Energy Monitor (GEM) for coal and gas plants.
• Direct greenhouse gas emissions for the EU power sector are estimated using standard factors: 830gCO2eq/KWh for hard coal, 1100gCO2eq/KWh for lignite, 370gCO2eq/KWh for fossil gas, and 700gCO2eq/KWh for other fossil fuels.

APA

Ember (2022). European Electricity Review 2022: Methodology. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2022/02/EER-Methodology.pdf

Chicago

Ember. European Electricity Review 2022: Methodology. 2022. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2022/02/EER-Methodology.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Ember |title=European Electricity Review 2022: Methodology |date=2022 |url=https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2022/02/EER-Methodology.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{ember2022european, author = {{Ember}}, title = {{European Electricity Review 2022: Methodology}}, institution = {Ember}, year = {2022}, url = {https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2022/02/EER-Methodology.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }