4 miljard ton hete lucht in de EU kan het voorgestelde 40% klimaatdoel verminderen tot slechts 26%

The briefing warns that loopholes in the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) have created a massive surplus of emission rights. This "hot air"—estimated at 4 billion tonnes—threatens to undermine the EU's 2030 climate ambitions by allowing continued pollution, effectively lowering a proposed 40% emission reduction target to 26%. The author calls for the permanent removal of these surpluses to protect climate goals.

• The use of loopholes in current climate legislation could result in 4 billion tonnes of "hot air," which may effectively reduce the proposed 40% emission reduction target to just 26% actual reductions.
• Under the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD), European countries are expected to accumulate approximately 1.35 billion tonnes of "hot air" by 2020, stemming from unambitious targets and the use of CO2 certificates from developing countries.
• The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is facing a surplus of emission rights that is expected to reach between 2.67 billion and 4.58 billion by 2020, leading to historically low CO2 prices and reduced incentives for sustainable innovation.
• Energy-intensive industries receive a significant amount of free pollution rights, estimated at €40 billion in tax money up to 2020, and have previously received a surplus of 1 billion free CO2 rights beyond their actual needs.

APA

Carbon Market Watch (2014). 4 miljard ton hete lucht in de EU kan het voorgestelde 40% klimaatdoel verminderen tot slechts 26%. https://carbonmarketwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/2030-LOOPHOLES-INFOGRAPHIC-BRIEF-DUTCH-NO-CAMP1.pdf

Chicago

Carbon Market Watch. 4 miljard ton hete lucht in de EU kan het voorgestelde 40% klimaatdoel verminderen tot slechts 26%. 2014. https://carbonmarketwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/2030-LOOPHOLES-INFOGRAPHIC-BRIEF-DUTCH-NO-CAMP1.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Carbon Market Watch |title=4 miljard ton hete lucht in de EU kan het voorgestelde 40% klimaatdoel verminderen tot slechts 26% |date=October 2014 |url=https://carbonmarketwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/2030-LOOPHOLES-INFOGRAPHIC-BRIEF-DUTCH-NO-CAMP1.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{carbonmarketwatch2014miljard, author = {{Carbon Market Watch}}, title = {{4 miljard ton hete lucht in de EU kan het voorgestelde 40\% klimaatdoel verminderen tot slechts 26\%}}, institution = {Carbon Market Watch}, year = {2014}, month = oct, url = {https://carbonmarketwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/2030-LOOPHOLES-INFOGRAPHIC-BRIEF-DUTCH-NO-CAMP1.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }