Carta abierta a los ministros de medio ambiente y delegados de todas las partes

The document argues that flexible mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol, specifically the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI), have failed to achieve net emission reductions due to non-additional credits and 'hot air' surpluses. It calls for a severe restriction on the trade of emission surpluses, the exclusion of fossil-fuel-based mega-projects from the CDM, and the establishment of international human rights and oversight standards for carbon projects.

• The surplus of emission permits under the Kyoto Protocol, referred to as 'hot air', threatens the viability of a second commitment period and future climate agreements. The authors demand a severe restriction on the trade of this surplus, limiting it to domestic use and ensuring its final cancellation at the end of the second commitment period.
• Joint Implementation (JI) has allowed the issuance of hundreds of millions of non-additional credits in countries with weak commitments. The document argues that JI baseline and additionality criteria must be strengthened, and only countries with emission reduction commitments below 2012 levels should host JI projects.
• The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has failed to reduce emissions or contribute to sustainable development. It is estimated that by 2020, 3.6 million non-additional credits could be registered under the CDM, leading to a net increase in global emissions. The authors call for the exclusion of new energy mega-projects, especially fossil-fuel-based ones, and the cessation of credits for existing ones.
• The CDM lacks an international oversight standard to prevent harm during project execution. The document urges the establishment of a grievance process for stakeholders and the imposition of human rights obligations on investors, making projects that violate human rights ineligible.

APA

CMW (2012). Carta abierta a los ministros de medio ambiente y delegados de todas las partes. Carbon Market Watch. https://carbonmarketwatch.org/2012/11/28/carta-abierta-a-los-ministros-de-medio-ambiente-y-delegados-de-todas-las-partes-incrementen-la-ambicion-y-cierren-los-vacios-legales-en-la-cop18/

Chicago

CMW. Carta abierta a los ministros de medio ambiente y delegados de todas las partes. Carbon Market Watch, 2012. https://carbonmarketwatch.org/2012/11/28/carta-abierta-a-los-ministros-de-medio-ambiente-y-delegados-de-todas-las-partes-incrementen-la-ambicion-y-cierren-los-vacios-legales-en-la-cop18/.

Wikipedia

{{cite press release |last1=CMW |title=Carta abierta a los ministros de medio ambiente y delegados de todas las partes |publisher=Carbon Market Watch |date=28 November 2012 |url=https://carbonmarketwatch.org/2012/11/28/carta-abierta-a-los-ministros-de-medio-ambiente-y-delegados-de-todas-las-partes-incrementen-la-ambicion-y-cierren-los-vacios-legales-en-la-cop18/ |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@misc{cmw2012carta, author = {CMW}, title = {{Carta abierta a los ministros de medio ambiente y delegados de todas las partes}}, publisher = {Carbon Market Watch}, year = {2012}, month = nov, url = {https://carbonmarketwatch.org/2012/11/28/carta-abierta-a-los-ministros-de-medio-ambiente-y-delegados-de-todas-las-partes-incrementen-la-ambicion-y-cierren-los-vacios-legales-en-la-cop18/}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }