RELATÓRIO LEGISLAÇÃO FLORESTAL E DE USO DA TERRA: UMA COMPARAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL ARGENTINA, BRASIL, CANADÁ, CHINA, FRANÇA, ALEMANHA E ESTADOS UNIDOS

The study compares forest and land use laws in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, and the United States, focusing on riparian Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and biodiversity conservation. It finds that Brazil maintains some of the most stringent rules for private land, specifically regarding mandatory native vegetation reserves without financial compensation, although the 2012 Forest Code relaxed some parameters for areas consolidated before July 2008.

• Brazil possesses the most stringent regulations for the protection of riparian areas (Permanent Preservation Areas - APP) on private lands compared to the other six countries studied. While other nations often allow sustainable management or agricultural activities in these zones, Brazilian law requires these areas to consist of native vegetation and prohibits economic exploitation of forest resources.
• Brazil is the only country among those analyzed that mandates all private rural properties maintain a percentage of native vegetation for biodiversity protection, known as the Legal Reserve (Reserva Legal), without providing financial compensation to the landowner.
• The 2012 Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012) is described as more lenient toward rural owners who illegally deforested native vegetation before July 22, 2008, and provides even more benevolent treatment to small rural owners.
• There are significant global variations in forest ownership and the resulting legal regimes. In Canada, forests are predominantly public and subject to stricter legal regimes, whereas in France, forests are mostly private, and the French Forest Code applies more restrictive rules specifically to public forests.
• Many of the examined countries use financial incentives or tax breaks to encourage private conservation, contrasting with Brazil's mandatory approach. For example, the US Department of Agriculture's 2014 Farm Bill allocated approximately 28 billion USD for environmental conservation programs between 2014 and 2018.
• China's forest policy has shifted from encouraging fast-growing exotic species for industrial raw materials toward a newer policy focused on protecting natural forests and reforesting ecologically sensitive areas with native species.

APA

Chiavari, J., & Lopes, C. L. (2017). RELATÓRIO LEGISLAÇÃO FLORESTAL E DE USO DA TERRA: UMA COMPARAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL ARGENTINA, BRASIL, CANADÁ, CHINA, FRANÇA, ALEMANHA E ESTADOS UNIDOS. Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Legislacao_Florestal_e_de_Uso_da_Terra_Uma_Comparacao_Internacional_CPI.pdf

Chicago

Chiavari, Joana, and Cristina Leme Lopes. RELATÓRIO LEGISLAÇÃO FLORESTAL E DE USO DA TERRA: UMA COMPARAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL ARGENTINA, BRASIL, CANADÁ, CHINA, FRANÇA, ALEMANHA E ESTADOS UNIDOS. Climate Policy Initiative, 2017. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Legislacao_Florestal_e_de_Uso_da_Terra_Uma_Comparacao_Internacional_CPI.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Chiavari |first1=Joana |last2=Lopes |first2=Cristina Leme |title=RELATÓRIO LEGISLAÇÃO FLORESTAL E DE USO DA TERRA: UMA COMPARAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL ARGENTINA, BRASIL, CANADÁ, CHINA, FRANÇA, ALEMANHA E ESTADOS UNIDOS |publisher=Climate Policy Initiative |date=October 2017 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Legislacao_Florestal_e_de_Uso_da_Terra_Uma_Comparacao_Internacional_CPI.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{chiavari2017relatrio, author = {Chiavari, Joana and Lopes, Cristina Leme}, title = {{RELATÓRIO LEGISLAÇÃO FLORESTAL E DE USO DA TERRA: UMA COMPARAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL ARGENTINA, BRASIL, CANADÁ, CHINA, FRANÇA, ALEMANHA E ESTADOS UNIDOS}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2017}, month = oct, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Legislacao_Florestal_e_de_Uso_da_Terra_Uma_Comparacao_Internacional_CPI.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }