INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR DOMESTIC ACTION

The report argues that current UNFCCC reporting, which focuses primarily on greenhouse gas emission outcomes, is insufficient for managing the implementation of mitigation programmes. It advocates for a comprehensive 'basket of indicators'—including input, process, output, and outcome measures—to identify barriers, foster international learning, and ensure accountability. The authors suggest a hybrid reporting model where a small set of internationally harmonised indicators is complemented by tailored, domestically defined indicators to balance global comparability with local ownership.

• Current UNFCCC reporting for Non-Annex I Parties is limited to outcome-based data, which is insufficient for managing the intermediate stages of mitigation programmes.
• Effective programme management requires a combination of four indicator types: input (resources spent), process (barriers and activities), output (direct results), and outcome (long-term goals).
• Process indicators are frequently under-utilised despite their value in providing early warning signals for implementation barriers and facilitating tailored responses.
• There is a significant trade-off between the number of indicators and the costs of data collection and verification; however, these costs are generally small relative to total programme budgets.
• Internationally harmonised indicators improve comparability and reduce verification costs, but domestically defined indicators increase local ownership and allow for solutions tailored to specific national circumstances.
• Experience from the EU 2020 Renewables Directive shows that monitoring intermediate actions through National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs) is necessary to identify specific barriers along the deployment pipeline.
• In development policy, such as Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), a 'missing middle' problem often occurs when there is a lack of indicators linking policy objectives to final outcomes.

APA

Neuhoff, K., Cooper, S., Laing, T., Lester, S., & Rysanek, A. (2009). INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR DOMESTIC ACTION. Climate Strategies. https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/isda-indicator-choices-and-tradeoffs-september-2009-report.pdf

Chicago

Neuhoff, Karsten, Simone Cooper, Tim Laing, Sarah Lester, and Adam Rysanek. INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR DOMESTIC ACTION. Climate Strategies, 2009. https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/isda-indicator-choices-and-tradeoffs-september-2009-report.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Neuhoff |first1=Karsten |last2=Cooper |first2=Simone |last3=Laing |first3=Tim |last4=Lester |first4=Sarah |last5=Rysanek |first5=Adam |title=INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR DOMESTIC ACTION |publisher=Climate Strategies |date=September 2009 |url=https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/isda-indicator-choices-and-tradeoffs-september-2009-report.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{neuhoff2009international, author = {Neuhoff, Karsten and Cooper, Simone and Laing, Tim and Lester, Sarah and Rysanek, Adam}, title = {{INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR DOMESTIC ACTION}}, institution = {Climate Strategies}, year = {2009}, month = sep, url = {https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/isda-indicator-choices-and-tradeoffs-september-2009-report.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }