SUR. Revista Internacional de Direitos Humanos

The document is the 12th issue of the Sur International Journal on Human Rights, focusing on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and their alignment with human rights. A central component is an analysis of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol, arguing that while the CDM facilitates investment and technology transfer to the Global South, it lacks a robust rights-based approach, fails to ensure equitable geographical distribution of projects, and lacks effective accountability and grievance mechanisms. The issue also includes discussions on maternal health, the right to health (MDG 6), indigenous peoples' rights, and corporate human rights obligations.

• Climate change poses significant threats to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), specifically impacting environmental sustainability (MDG 7), extreme poverty and hunger (MDG 1), universal primary education (MDG 2), gender equality (MDG 3), and health-related goals (MDGs 4, 5, and 6).
• The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is identified as a key tool for international cooperation that channels resources and technology from industrialized North countries to the Global South to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable development.
• The CDM is criticized for lacking a rights-based approach, as it does not require the prior informed consent of affected communities, only consultation, which can lead to human rights violations.
• There is an inequitable geographical distribution of CDM projects, with a small number of countries such as Brazil, China, India, and Mexico receiving approximately 80% of projects, while African countries receive significantly less.
• The CDM lacks adequate governance and accountability mechanisms, specifically lacking a grievance mechanism for affected stakeholders and a process for private parties to challenge Executive Board decisions.
• The CDM's focus on cost-effectiveness often leads to the selection of the cheapest emissions reductions, which may have negligible contributions to broader sustainable development goals.
• Amnesty International reports that in Nairobi, Kenya, a lack of adequate sanitation facilities contributes to gender-based violence against women and girls, highlighting a gap between Kenya's MDG policies and its international human rights obligations.

APA

Center for International Environmental Law (2010). SUR. Revista Internacional de Direitos Humanos. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/SUR_Jun10.pdf

Chicago

Center for International Environmental Law. SUR. Revista Internacional de Direitos Humanos. 2010. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/SUR_Jun10.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Center for International Environmental Law |title=SUR. Revista Internacional de Direitos Humanos |date=June 2010 |url=https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/SUR_Jun10.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{centerforinternationalenvironmentallaw2010sur, author = {{Center for International Environmental Law}}, title = {{SUR. Revista Internacional de Direitos Humanos}}, institution = {Center for International Environmental Law}, year = {2010}, month = jun, url = {https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/SUR_Jun10.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }