Results of a Survey of Environmental Procedures at Non-US Export Credit and Risk Insurance Agencies

The survey found that while most non-US export credit agencies claim to consider environmental issues, none had detailed written environmental policies as of September 1998. Australia's EFIC was identified as having the most comprehensive standards due to legal mandates, while Israel's IFTRIC explicitly stated it does not consider environmental issues. Several agencies, including those in France and Germany, began adopting questionnaires in response to a 1998 OECD Resolution.

• As of September 1998, none of the surveyed agencies possessed detailed, written environmental policies, although most (excluding Israel) claimed to consider environmental issues to some extent.
• The 1998 OECD Resolution on the Consideration of Environmental Issues served as a guide for several agencies; Germany and France specifically referenced it as the basis for requiring applicants to complete environmental questionnaires.
• Australia's Export Finance and Insurance Corporation (EFIC) maintains the most comprehensive environmental standards among the respondents because it is legally mandated by the Environment Protection Impact of Proposals Act of 1974 to ensure significant environmental matters are examined.
• The Israel Foreign Trade Risks Insurance Corporation Ltd. (IFTRIC) is the only surveyed agency that does not consider environmental issues when deciding on project support, stating such matters are the sole responsibility of the Ministry of Environment.
• Agencies in Canada, France, and Norway were reported to be in the process of revising or strengthening their environmental review practices.

APA

Bree, A., & Hunter, D. (1998). Results of a Survey of Environmental Procedures at Non-US Export Credit and Risk Insurance Agencies. Center for International Environmental Law. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ResultsofSurveyECAs.pdf

Chicago

Bree, Axel, and David Hunter. Results of a Survey of Environmental Procedures at Non-US Export Credit and Risk Insurance Agencies. Center for International Environmental Law, 1998. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ResultsofSurveyECAs.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Bree |first1=Axel |last2=Hunter |first2=David |title=Results of a Survey of Environmental Procedures at Non-US Export Credit and Risk Insurance Agencies |publisher=Center for International Environmental Law |date=15 September 1998 |url=https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ResultsofSurveyECAs.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{bree1998results, author = {Bree, Axel and Hunter, David}, title = {{Results of a Survey of Environmental Procedures at Non-US Export Credit and Risk Insurance Agencies}}, institution = {Center for International Environmental Law}, year = {1998}, month = sep, url = {https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ResultsofSurveyECAs.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }