Results of a Survey of Environmental Procedures at Non-US Export Credit and Risk Insurance Agencies

This CIEL working paper presents the results of an informal survey conducted by Axel Bree and David Hunter to determine the environmental policies and procedures of non-US export credit and risk insurance agencies. The survey found that while most agencies claim to consider environmental issues, none had detailed written environmental policies as of September 1998.

• As of September 1998, none of the surveyed agencies possessed detailed, written environmental policies, although most—with the exception of Israel's agency—claimed to consider environmental issues to some degree.
• The 1998 OECD Resolution on the Consideration of Environmental Issues served as a guide for several agencies; Germany and France specifically referenced it as the basis for requiring applicants to complete environmental questionnaires for proposed projects.
• Australia's Export Finance and Insurance Corporation (EFIC) is the only surveyed agency that appears to require an environmental assessment for projects significantly affecting the environment, as it is mandated by the Environment Protection Impact of Proposals Act of 1974 (EPIP).
• The Israel Foreign Trade Risks Insurance Corporation Ltd. (IFTRIC) explicitly stated that it does not consider environmental issues when deciding on project support, asserting that such matters are the full responsibility of the Ministry of Environment.
• Several agencies are in the process of updating their environmental review practices, specifically those of Canada, France, and Norway.

APA

Bree, A., & Hunter, D. (1998). Results of a Survey of Environmental Procedures at Non-US Export Credit and Risk Insurance Agencies. Center for International Environmental Law. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ResultsofSurveyECAs.pdf

Chicago

Bree, Axel, and David Hunter. Results of a Survey of Environmental Procedures at Non-US Export Credit and Risk Insurance Agencies. Center for International Environmental Law, 1998. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ResultsofSurveyECAs.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Bree |first1=Axel |last2=Hunter |first2=David |title=Results of a Survey of Environmental Procedures at Non-US Export Credit and Risk Insurance Agencies |publisher=Center for International Environmental Law |date=15 September 1998 |url=https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ResultsofSurveyECAs.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{bree1998results, author = {Bree, Axel and Hunter, David}, title = {{Results of a Survey of Environmental Procedures at Non-US Export Credit and Risk Insurance Agencies}}, institution = {Center for International Environmental Law}, year = {1998}, month = sep, url = {https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ResultsofSurveyECAs.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }