La Exportación de Plaguicidas Prohibidos hacia Africa y Centroamérica

The document argues that the export of pesticides prohibited or not approved in Europe (EU, Switzerland, and the UK) to parties of the Bamako Convention in Africa and the Central American Agreement constitutes a violation of international law. It asserts that these substances are classified as hazardous waste under the national laws of importing countries and the terms of these regional agreements, thereby breaching the Basel Convention. Furthermore, the text claims that these exports violate international human rights obligations regarding the right to health. The analysis extends to other exporting nations like Canada, China, and Russia, concluding that all Basel Convention parties must immediately prohibit the export of such hazardous chemicals.

• Pesticides that are prohibited or not approved in Europe are classified as hazardous waste, and their import is forbidden under both the Bamako Convention in Africa and the Central American Agreement.
• Exports of prohibited pesticides to specific countries—including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Mali, Morocco, Nicaragua, Panama, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, and Togo—violate the Basel Convention because these nations' national laws define such pesticides as hazardous waste.
• European states and other parties to the Basel Convention have a legal obligation to prohibit the export of pesticides that are not approved or are prohibited in the exporting country to nations where the definitions of hazardous waste from the Bamako Convention or the Central American Agreement are part of national law.
• The failure of European states to ban the export of prohibited pesticides violates the right to health in importing states and constitutes a breach of international human rights obligations.
• The legal analysis applies beyond European exports; countries such as Canada, China, and Russia also breach international obligations if they export substances prohibited in the country of manufacture to parties of the Bamako Convention or the Central American Agreement.

APA

Center for International Environmental Law (n.d.). La Exportación de Plaguicidas Prohibidos hacia Africa y Centroamérica. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/La-Exportación-de-Plaguicidas-Prohibidos-hacia-Africa-y-Centroamérica-Opinión-Legal-del-Centro-para-el-Derecho-Ambiental-Internacional-CIEL-2.pdf

Chicago

Center for International Environmental Law. La Exportación de Plaguicidas Prohibidos hacia Africa y Centroamérica. n.d. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/La-Exportación-de-Plaguicidas-Prohibidos-hacia-Africa-y-Centroamérica-Opinión-Legal-del-Centro-para-el-Derecho-Ambiental-Internacional-CIEL-2.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Center for International Environmental Law |title=La Exportación de Plaguicidas Prohibidos hacia Africa y Centroamérica |url=https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/La-Exportación-de-Plaguicidas-Prohibidos-hacia-Africa-y-Centroamérica-Opinión-Legal-del-Centro-para-el-Derecho-Ambiental-Internacional-CIEL-2.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{centerforinternationalenvironmentallawndexportacin, author = {{Center for International Environmental Law}}, title = {{La Exportación de Plaguicidas Prohibidos hacia Africa y Centroamérica}}, institution = {Center for International Environmental Law}, url = {https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/La-Exportación-de-Plaguicidas-Prohibidos-hacia-Africa-y-Centroamérica-Opinión-Legal-del-Centro-para-el-Derecho-Ambiental-Internacional-CIEL-2.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }