record-13.1-pg-25-36-e59adecb7c73ac32.pdf

This document is an excerpt from Eskom's Air Quality Strategy, detailing technical and financial plans for retrofitting power stations to meet Minimum Emission Standards, the potential for air quality offset projects, and the integration of water, coal quality, and climate change strategies.

• Eskom evaluated two retrofit scenarios to meet emission standards. The first, a comprehensive approach, requires an estimated CAPEX of R128 billion (2009 real terms) and an annual OPEX of R3.4 billion, resulting in a capacity loss of 715 MW. This scenario is deemed unachievable due to current capacity constraints, as it would require at least two units to be on outage simultaneously from 2013 onwards.
• A 'realistic scenario' for retrofits focuses on achieving particulate emissions below 50 mg/Nm³ at specific stations (Tutuka, Kriel, Matla, Lethabo, Matimba, and select units at Duvha and Grootvlei), installing low NOx burners at Majuba, Matla, Tutuka, and Kriel, and an FGD retrofit at Kendal. This scenario requires a CAPEX of R28 billion (2009 real terms), an annual OPEX of R0.4 billion, and results in a capacity loss of 160 MW.
• Eskom proposes 'offset projects' as a more cost-effective alternative to retrofitting pollution abatement technology. For example, the document suggests that the R10 billion capital cost of installing FGD on a 6 by 600 MW power station could instead electrify 1.25 million homes, which would reduce pollution concentrations where people's exposure is highest.
• The installation of Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) technology is constrained by water availability. FGD approximately triples the water consumption of a dry-cooled power station, and a water supply deficit in the Integrated Vaal River System (IVRS) between 2013 and 2020 means retrofitting stations with FGD may only be possible after 2020.
• Eskom's climate change strategy includes a six-point plan focusing on adaptation, diversification of generation mix, energy efficiency, innovation, carbon market investment, and advocacy. The document notes that while FGD reduces SO2, it increases CO2 emissions by reducing efficiency and producing CO2 as a by-product.
• Eskom aims to install continuous CO2 emission monitors on all units or stacks of all coal-fired power stations by the end of 2013. Additionally, the company plans to compile mercury and heavy metal (lead, antimony, and arsenic) emissions inventories to assess the need for further abatement.

APA

Centre for Environmental Rights (n.d.). record-13.1-pg-25-36-e59adecb7c73ac32.pdf. https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Record-13.1-pg-25-36.pdf?x21779

Chicago

Centre for Environmental Rights. record-13.1-pg-25-36-e59adecb7c73ac32.pdf. n.d. https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Record-13.1-pg-25-36.pdf?x21779.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Centre for Environmental Rights |title=record-13.1-pg-25-36-e59adecb7c73ac32.pdf |url=https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Record-13.1-pg-25-36.pdf?x21779 |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{centreforenvironmentalrightsndrecord131pg2536e59adecb7c73ac32pdf, author = {{Centre for Environmental Rights}}, title = {{record-13.1-pg-25-36-e59adecb7c73ac32.pdf}}, institution = {Centre for Environmental Rights}, url = {https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Record-13.1-pg-25-36.pdf?x21779}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }