Green growth and energy security - Fossil fuel-endowed middle-income countries at a crossroads

This policy brief synthesises political economy analyses (PEA) from Colombia, Indonesia, and Kenya to examine the constraints and enablers affecting government decisions on green growth in the energy sector for fossil-endowed middle-income countries.

• Green growth efforts in the studied middle-income countries are constrained by inconsistent energy policies resulting from conflicting stakeholder interests, land issues, and the intermingling of business and private interests.
• There is a strong tension between the goals of the Paris Agreement regarding fossil fuel phase-out and the use of fossil fuels for exports or local consumption. In Colombia, Indonesia, and Kenya, the overarching objective of energy security is generally viewed as being best served by domestic fossil resources, which takes precedence over the desire for green growth.
• The three countries exhibit different energy profiles: Colombia and Kenya derive two-thirds of domestic electricity from renewables, but Colombia has strong coal and oil exports and Kenya has newly discovered fossil resources. Indonesia remains highly dependent on coal and oil for export income and domestic supply despite having significant potential for efficiency gains and renewable energy production.

APA

Climate and Development Knowledge Network (2017). Green growth and energy security - Fossil fuel-endowed middle-income countries at a crossroads. https://cdkn.org/resource/policy-brief-green-growth-energy-security-fossil-endowed-middle-income-countries-crossroads

Chicago

Climate and Development Knowledge Network. Green growth and energy security - Fossil fuel-endowed middle-income countries at a crossroads. 2017. https://cdkn.org/resource/policy-brief-green-growth-energy-security-fossil-endowed-middle-income-countries-crossroads.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Climate and Development Knowledge Network |title=Green growth and energy security - Fossil fuel-endowed middle-income countries at a crossroads |date=22 February 2017 |url=https://cdkn.org/resource/policy-brief-green-growth-energy-security-fossil-endowed-middle-income-countries-crossroads |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{climateanddevelopmentknowledgenetwork2017green, author = {{Climate and Development Knowledge Network}}, title = {{Green growth and energy security - Fossil fuel-endowed middle-income countries at a crossroads}}, institution = {Climate and Development Knowledge Network}, year = {2017}, month = feb, url = {https://cdkn.org/resource/policy-brief-green-growth-energy-security-fossil-endowed-middle-income-countries-crossroads}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }