UPSTREAM IMPLICATIONS OF COAL TO GAS SWITCH UNDER CATF’S 111(D) PROPOSAL

The analysis compares a 'No-Policy' scenario with a 'Policy Proposal' scenario for 2020, focusing on the upstream emissions from the production, processing, and transport of fuels. Under the base case using EPA figures, the policy proposal is projected to increase total upstream greenhouse gas emissions by 9.9 million metric tons (MMT) of CO2e, consisting of a 9.6 Tg increase in CO2 and a 0.3 Tg CO2e increase in methane. A sensitivity 'high case', which assumes non-hydraulic fracturing methane emissions are twice the EPA's 2011 reports, projects a total increase of 16.9 MMT CO2e. The document notes that upstream CO2 emissions are higher for natural gas (ratio of 0.108 to stack CO2) than for coal (ratio of 0.0193 to stack CO2).

• Under the base case using EPA figures, the proposed policy results in a net increase of 9.9 MMT CO2e in upstream emissions for 2020, with upstream CO2 increasing by 9.6 Tg and upstream methane increasing by 0.3 Tg CO2e.
• A sensitivity analysis 'high case', assuming non-hydraulic fracturing emissions from natural gas production are double the 2011 inventory reports, projects total upstream emissions to be 16.9 MMT CO2e higher under the policy proposal than the no-policy projection.
• Upstream CO2 emissions are significantly higher for natural gas than for coal relative to their respective stack emissions, with ratios of 0.108 for natural gas and 0.0193 for coal.

APA

Clean Air Task Force (2014). UPSTREAM IMPLICATIONS OF COAL TO GAS SWITCH UNDER CATF’S 111(D) PROPOSAL. https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/21093724/CATF_Whitepaper_Upstream_Implications_of_Coal_Proposal.pdf

Chicago

Clean Air Task Force. UPSTREAM IMPLICATIONS OF COAL TO GAS SWITCH UNDER CATF’S 111(D) PROPOSAL. 2014. https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/21093724/CATF_Whitepaper_Upstream_Implications_of_Coal_Proposal.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Clean Air Task Force |title=UPSTREAM IMPLICATIONS OF COAL TO GAS SWITCH UNDER CATF’S 111(D) PROPOSAL |date=February 2014 |url=https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/21093724/CATF_Whitepaper_Upstream_Implications_of_Coal_Proposal.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{cleanairtaskforce2014upstream, author = {{Clean Air Task Force}}, title = {{UPSTREAM IMPLICATIONS OF COAL TO GAS SWITCH UNDER CATF’S 111(D) PROPOSAL}}, institution = {Clean Air Task Force}, year = {2014}, month = feb, url = {https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/21093724/CATF_Whitepaper_Upstream_Implications_of_Coal_Proposal.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }