COP28 Pre-Summit Report: Annex 1 (Methodology)

The document details the methodology for four distinct research areas: the analysis of the #ClimateScam hashtag and X's auto-complete function; the identification of 15 monetized websites sharing climate disinformation and the ad exchanges supporting them; the monitoring of Russian state media and diplomatic accounts on Facebook across four languages; and the collection of political advertising from major fossil fuel companies and petrostates via the Meta Ad Library.

• To analyze the #ClimateScam hashtag, researchers collected all original posts containing #ClimateScam, #ClimateCrisis, or #ClimateEmergency between 1 July 2022 and 31 October 2023 on X, Facebook, and Instagram.
• Testing of X's search function revealed that typing only "#Cl" produced an auto-complete suggestion of #ClimateScam during a test period from 9 to 13 November 2023.

APA

Climate Action Against Disinformation (n.d.). COP28 Pre-Summit Report: Annex 1 (Methodology). https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Deny-Deceive-Delay-Vol.-3-Annex-1-Methodology-FINAL.pdf

Chicago

Climate Action Against Disinformation. COP28 Pre-Summit Report: Annex 1 (Methodology). n.d. https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Deny-Deceive-Delay-Vol.-3-Annex-1-Methodology-FINAL.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Climate Action Against Disinformation |title=COP28 Pre-Summit Report: Annex 1 (Methodology) |url=https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Deny-Deceive-Delay-Vol.-3-Annex-1-Methodology-FINAL.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{climateactionagainstdisinformationndcop28, author = {{Climate Action Against Disinformation}}, title = {{COP28 Pre-Summit Report: Annex 1 (Methodology)}}, institution = {Climate Action Against Disinformation}, url = {https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Deny-Deceive-Delay-Vol.-3-Annex-1-Methodology-FINAL.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }