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This report analyzes the governance of critical minerals for the energy transition in Chile, specifically copper and lithium. Using case studies from the Tarapacá and Antofagasta regions, it evaluates the application of UN principles on equity and justice, identifying significant gaps in indigenous participation, water management, and the distribution of mining royalties. The document proposes a series of safeguards driven by civil society to ensure a more just and sustainable energy transition.

This report by Transforma and the Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI) proposes social, environmental, and governance safeguards for the mining of energy transition minerals in Latin America. Based on UN principles and case studies in Chile, Colombia, and Peru, the document identifies systemic gaps between mining laws and their territorial implementation, advocating for a shift away from historical extractivist patterns toward a just energy transition.