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This discussion brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the intersection of air pollution, gender inequality, social equity, and poverty in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). It highlights how socio-economic disadvantages increase exposure to pollutants and energy poverty, while noting that air pollution disproportionately affects vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and Roma populations. The document advocates for policy responses that address structural drivers of inequity, improve energy efficiency in social housing, and utilize disaggregated data to protect the most vulnerable.