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This research paper evaluates the economic viability of low-carbon investments in five cities (Leeds, Kolkata, Lima, Johor Bahru, and Palembang). It finds a compelling economic case, with potential emission reductions of 15-24% over 10 years and a short average payback period of 2 years. While global replication could reduce energy-related GHG emissions by 10-18% by 2025, the authors warn that rapid urban growth could offset these gains within 7 years and that institutional barriers must be overcome to implement these measures.

This 2012 report provides an action plan for reforming fuel subsidies in Indonesia, specifically targeting the subsidized gasoline 'Premium'. It highlights the fiscal burden of these subsidies (US$18.1 billion in 2011) and analyzes the government's plans to restrict consumption and introduce alternative fuels like CNG and LGV. The report identifies significant infrastructure gaps in refineries and filling stations, political risks associated with the 2014 elections, and a lack of effective public communication. It recommends transitioning from ad-hoc pricing to an automated, market-based pricing mechanism and improving social safety nets to mitigate the impact on vulnerable populations.