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The US generator interconnection process is a significant barrier to economic competitiveness, with over 2.2 TW of projects queued and average wait times increasing to nearly five years. While FERC Order 2023 introduced some improvements, the brief argues for further reforms: deploying AI and advanced software for studies, utilizing Grid-enhancing technologies (GETs) to lower costs, and implementing 'fast track' pathways for energy-only, surplus, and replacement generation. It also suggests integrating the planning of load, generation, and transmission to reduce redundant network upgrades.

This report by RMI argues that battery energy storage systems (BESS) can enhance grid reliability and affordability by providing resource adequacy, stability, and resilience. Using California and Texas as successful models, the document highlights how well-defined ancillary service markets and clear interconnection rules allow batteries to compete with fossil fuel generators, reducing costs and improving grid stability. It specifically contrasts these successes with the PJM region, where high uplift costs and interconnection hurdles hinder battery deployment.

This policy brief by RMI outlines the potential for 'clean repowering'—siting new renewable energy projects at existing fossil fuel interconnection points—to accelerate the energy transition and reduce costs for customers in the United States by leveraging Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) incentives.

This briefing by Energy Innovation describes two distinct applications of demand-response (DR) programs: as a capacity resource to mitigate peak demand and as a balancing tool to integrate variable renewable energy. The document argues that DR is a cost-effective alternative to building new power generation or investing in expensive grid-scale battery storage.