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This monograph by the Institute for Security Studies examines the structural causes and dynamics of the war in northern Uganda, which had lasted nearly 18 years at the time of writing. The authors argue that the conflict consists of two distinct elements: a deep-rooted northern rebellion against the National Resistance Movement (NRM) government and a separate war waged by Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), which is driven by apocalyptic spiritualism rather than conventional political goals. The report highlights how the consequences of the war, including mass displacement and a perceived war economy, have become drivers for its continuation, and it provides a series of recommendations for resolution, including a Truth and Reconciliation process and a shift in military strategy toward civilian protection.