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This report examines the proliferation of small arms and light weapons in the Southern Cone of South America, specifically within the Mercosur countries (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay). It analyzes how the transition from military rule to democracy, combined with regional economic integration, inadvertently facilitated the flow of weapons to criminal organizations. The document provides detailed case studies on the 'culture of violence' in Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro, highlighting the roles of drug trafficking, police corruption, and socio-economic instability in driving the demand for firearms.

The IAI report (July 2016 - May 2017) outlines progress in transdisciplinary climate research and science-policy integration in the Americas. Key achievements include the evaluation of the TISG seed grant program, the management of 17 CRN3 research networks, the launch of a climate impact MOOC with over 6,500 participants, and the establishment of a Science-Policy Liaison Office in Buenos Aires to measure scientific impact on regional governance.