Search Climate Insights Directory

This methodological appendix describes the quantitative models used to analyze access to the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Pronaf) in Brazilian municipalities, using data from the 2017 Agricultural Census.

This policy brief analyzes two public rural insurance programs in Brazil: the Agricultural Activity Guarantee Program (PROAGRO) and the Rural Insurance Premium Subsidy Program (PSR). The authors find that PROAGRO's design, where the government bears the risk while financial institutions operate the program, creates severe information asymmetries and moral hazard, leading to higher claim rates and increasing costs for the National Treasury. In contrast, the PSR, where private insurers bear the risk, shows greater efficiency and growth, though it struggles to reach small producers. The report recommends migrating resources from PROAGRO to the PSR, improving the training of claims adjusters, and adopting parametric insurance to reduce fraud and monitoring costs.

This report provides a gendered analysis of employment and skills within Brazil's large-scale mining (LSM) sector from 2009 to 2019. It examines the 'feminization' of the workforce, identifying that while female employment has increased, significant gaps remain in remuneration, leadership representation, and the division of technical tasks. The study combines quantitative data from the Annual Social Information List (RAIS) with qualitative interviews from three mining companies to assess how diversity, equity, and inclusion (DE&I) strategies are being implemented.

This policy brief analyzes the role of credit cooperatives in Brazil's rural credit system, highlighting their ability to provide financial inclusion for small-scale producers, particularly during economic crises. It examines the structural relationship between cooperatives and commercial banks, the geographical distribution of credit, and the regulatory advantages that allow cooperatives to operate more efficiently than traditional banks in rural areas.