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Ember submits that coal mining emissions pose a critical risk to New South Wales' net zero targets. The report argues that current federal regulations like the Safeguard Mechanism are inadequate because they allow offsets over onsite mitigation and may underreport emissions from open cut mines. Using Tahmoor Colliery as a case study, Ember demonstrates that onsite VAM mitigation is technically feasible and commercially viable but requires state-led regulatory pressure. Key recommendations include pausing new coal mine approvals and commissioning a detailed risk report from the Net Zero Commission by June 2025.