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This report details an interdisciplinary Environmental Flows (E-Flows) assessment of the Nam Songkhram River Basin in Northeast Thailand. The study examines the critical relationship between the Mekong River mainstream and the Nam Songkhram floodplain, emphasizing how the annual 'flood pulse' sustains high aquatic biodiversity and local livelihoods. The findings highlight a transition from natural wetland habitats to simplified ecosystems dominated by agricultural land and industrial tree plantations, specifically eucalyptus. The report argues that upstream flood control infrastructure is largely futile due to the dominance of the Mekong's hydrology and recommends a holistic, multi-stakeholder approach to basin management to prevent further ecological collapse.