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This case study examines a 30-year water and sanitation concession between the Ilembe District Municipality and Siza Water Company (Pty) Ltd in South Africa. Established in 1999, the partnership initially struggled with underinvestment and profitability but evolved into a profitable and effective service provider by managing systemic public sector capacity constraints and improving infrastructure.

The City of Cape Town is implementing the Faure New Water Scheme (NWS), a large-scale water reuse project designed to produce drinking-quality water from treated wastewater. As part of a broader New Water Programme aiming to add 300 million litres of water per day by 2030, the Faure NWS will utilize a multi-barrier advanced purification process to enhance the city's water resilience and reduce the risk of severe water restrictions.