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This monograph examines how competing interpretations of history and the material representation of memory—through monuments, statues, and the naming of public spaces—drive political polarisation and conflict in Ethiopia. The author identifies three primary ideological approaches to collective memory: rejectionist/reconstructivist, revivalist/restorationist, and moderationist. These approaches interact with four layers of 'invented traditions' (the pre-1991 'great tradition', post-1991 federal vernacular traditions, regional traditions, and local-level traditions), creating a 'battleground of memory wars' that reinforces vertical and horizontal tensions between the state and various political movements.

The World Resources Institute (WRI) has outlined its Ethiopia Country Transition Strategy (2026–2032), which aims to catalyze a transition toward inclusive green growth. The strategy focuses on transforming three interconnected human systems—cities, energy, and food, land, and water—while strengthening the underlying economics, finance, and governance to ensure Ethiopia's natural wealth leads to shared prosperity and climate resilience.