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The document outlines the goals of Global Witness's Transition Mineral campaign, launched in late 2022, which seeks to prevent the repetition of exploitation and environmental harm in the extraction of minerals like lithium, cobalt, nickel, and copper. It defines a 'just transition' as one that promotes inclusive decision-making, strengthens supply chain and investment standards, and ensures communities receive fair benefits.

Trend Asia critiques Indonesia's critical minerals industry, specifically nickel, as a 'green extractivism' model. The report alleges that the government uses National Strategic Project (NSP) status to bypass environmental laws, leading to massive deforestation, toxic pollution from coal-fired power plants, and severe labor abuses. It highlights a heavy dependence on Chinese capital, which it claims creates a vertical monopoly that exports value while leaving ecological and social devastation in Indonesia, including health crises and the loss of food sovereignty.