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The document refutes claims that WRI miscalculated biomass energy potentials and solar efficiency comparisons, arguing that solar PV is significantly more land-efficient than bioenergy. It challenges the existence of abundant 'marginal land' for biofuels, asserting that such lands often provide critical carbon storage or face economic and legal constraints. WRI further argues that bioenergy does not inherently reduce greenhouse gas emissions unless it drives yield increases beyond what is already required to feed the global population, and that it does not reliably reduce poverty or increase food availability.

Amory B. Lovins argues that the 10-20% hydrogen leakage rate assumed by Tromp et al. is unsupported and technically implausible. He contends that boiloff from liquid hydrogen (LH2) tanks does not equate to atmospheric emissions because it is used as fuel or catalytically oxidized. Furthermore, Lovins asserts that compressed gaseous hydrogen (GH2) is the industry norm due to superior economics, lower mass, and adequate range, whereas LH2 remains a niche technology with poor economic prospects.