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The document introduces social accountability (SA) as a preventive anti-corruption strategy for conservation and natural resource management (NRM). It defines SA as a set of citizen-based methods—emphasizing transparency, voice, and dialogue—designed to hold authorities to account and improve public service delivery. While SA is effective at changing the enabling environment for corruption by increasing detection risks and shifting social norms, the briefing notes its limitations in addressing high-level political corruption or criminal networks. The text provides a framework for practitioners to assess contextual risks, power differentials, and the necessity of 'vertical integration' to link local efforts with higher-level reform.