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A 2023 national survey in Bhutan identified 302 unique red pandas across 15 districts using non-invasive genetic analysis of 482 fecal samples. The study revealed a population structure consisting of three distinct genetic clusters (western, central, and eastern), with evidence of significant inbreeding (mean Fis = 0.55) and a historical population bottleneck approximately 5,000 years ago. While the population is currently in demographic equilibrium, the report emphasizes the need for habitat protection and the enhancement of biological corridors to facilitate gene flow and reduce genetic isolation.

The National Snow Leopard Survey 2022-2023 estimated a population of 134 snow leopards in Bhutan, representing a 39.5% increase from the 2016 baseline of 96 individuals. Using camera traps across 310 stations and non-invasive genetic analysis of scat, the study found higher population densities and habitat suitability in western Bhutan. The report reaffirms Bhutan as a conservation stronghold, noting the presence of breeding individuals and abundant prey, specifically blue sheep, while recommending strengthened patrolling, livestock insurance schemes, and periodic national surveys to maintain population viability.

The report details a successful pilot study to extract high-quality mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from hawksbill turtle carapace samples, enabling the tracing of illegal tortoiseshell products back to their source populations. By comparing DNA from market products in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands against a nesting baseline, the study demonstrated that most products likely originated from the Solomon Islands stock. The authors emphasize the need for a comprehensive regional genetic database (the 'Shell Bank') to reduce the number of 'orphan' haplotypes and improve the accuracy of forensic investigations into the illegal wildlife trade.

The document provides a collection of research abstracts focusing on the intersection of climate change and snow leopard conservation. Key themes include the loss of potential habitat due to rising temperatures, the importance of ecosystem-based adaptation for mountain communities, and the role of community-led initiatives in reducing poaching and human-wildlife conflict. It also details genetic research identifying three snow leopard subspecies and explores the economic valuation of ecosystem services in high-mountain landscapes to incentivize conservation.